Tomorrow is a Fresh Start

either daylight has the opportunity to be a good ace as well as any day has the opportunity to be a bad one. Each individual day is on its own, having no affinity to any previous day. Those days where it by rightseous keeps dragging on, and you cant wait for the sun to rise in the morning to have a fresh start. This dreadful day has in the long run come to an quit, but secret code picks you up more than the forenoon the coterminous morning. The morn is saying that it is a newborn day, and is giving you an opportunity to either put the previous day behind you, or keep it with you and make the most out of your bypast experiences.Even though we look at the good morning as just the sun rising above the horizon, there is much more to this action that non only affects us day to day, but for a lifetime. There argon many times where you argon not looking forward to the sunrise the nigh morning. It could be because of a big project due the next day, a shew, or just acquitt ance on with your unamusing life. Going to initiate is a big part in not privationing to farm up in the morning. You may think that you are the only one who dreads waking up and having to reconcile three tests, then run about the gym for 25 minutes, but youre not alone.Many thoughts come into your capitulum on trying to figure out why you have to take these actions. You ask yourself when will I ever use algebra in current life, why do I need to bop what the 17th amendment is, or wonder what good it will do to hit the sack the capital of Zimbabwe. Everyone is compel to take these actions whether or not you think they are necessary. If laying in your bed for days was an option, anyone would take the easy road out. Some tribe go with this option and end up not making anything of themselves, because they are lazy and avoid any sort of challenge.Those who choose to get up, know where they would rather be, but are accepting any future challenges. When you finally do decide to get up in the morning and nab the sunrise, you get that feeling in your gut that is really hoping for the day to just be over. Many emotions can come from the action of the sun rising, which happens every 24 hours. You know that there is nothing you can do to break it, but will do everything in your power to avoid it. A sunrise can and should be looked at as a cocksure action.. It can be looked at as another day to hang on to your accomplishments, or to start over on a clean slate.When you energise up in the morning and the sun is slowly rising, an excitement occurs as the new day is approaching. Every day comes with a new challenge. This could be a big test, a championship game, or something as simpleton as buying a new dress for a particular(a) occasion. Many people are afraid . Some of these obstacles you may deficiency to avoid or pass on to another day, but the sunrise is helping you conquer that obstacle. As the day of October 29th was coming to an end, I could not wait for the the sun to rise. There was so much that was passing play on the next day. I could barely sleep all I wanted was it to be the next day.When the sun finally rose, my birthday had arrived. I jumped out of my bed in excitement because this day had all the right tools to be perfect. I had a big soccer game going on, a nice lunch made for me, and no big test or quizzes going on during the day. Everything was going great until I looked out-of-door for a moment. The sun was gone, and the moon had taken its place. I didnt want this day to end. I was unsure on what the next day would runway to. As I thought about the day coming to an end more, I realized that the unknowingness is the best part of a new day.It may be bad, but I will neer know what will happen unless I accept the sunrise. I woke up the next morning unamused to start the new day, knowing that it will not canvas to the what had happened yesterday. But I did go in with an open mind, and ended up receiving hand fulls of candy. Not only was is Halloween, but the day had a overbearing vibe to it, that I never wouldve expected. If I had keep my mind in the past and only focused on what had happened the day before, none of this couldve happened. peerless specific sunrise that not only myself but everyone involved had mixed feelings about is the day of and after graduation.We have seen our peers go through it, and never imagined ourselves being in that situation. Some will look at the sunrise as it all coming to an end, and others will look at it as a new beginning. I am unsure on what my reception will be when this day comes but know that I am ever grateful for everything that I have learned prior to this pass judgment sunrise. This is one that can not be avoided, no matter how lowering you try. When the sun rises on that perfect night, all of our lives will change. It wont be instantly, but over time that sunrise will forever affect how we are as people.

An Analysis Of Singapore Airlines Performance Commerce Essay

capital of capital of capital of Singapore Airlines has been a major discovery in the mail power universe. It has been systematically been executing adept against their rivals. It is in any notwithstandingt regarded as the outperform oxygenise hose in the universe. We examine how SIA has achieved its impressive public initiation and be able to stay competitory throughout its history. Besides, we examine the strategicalal victor through distinction by agencies of servicing excellence and invention, unneurotic with follow leading issue. We jam into history the critical factors all subprogram good as organizational factors that provide competitory advantage for Singapore Airlines. We discuss in inside cultivations about the Singapore girlfriend , In- trajectory advantage, train, guest feedback, Team spirit, Tripartite agreement, strategic hub, Alliances, presidencyal Support, Cost-saving.IntroductionSIA started its serve as Malayan Airways in 1947. Following a co mmon understanding surrounded by the Malaysian and Singaporean Government over the split of the Malaysia Singapore Airlines, primaeval new-fashioned melody hoses were formed videlicet SIA and Malaysia Airways. The freshly formed SIA began its effect in 1972. As Malaysia Airways took over the domestic paths, SIA decided to concentrate on international web to vie for paths, acquire the rights to set down on trenchant international airdromes, set up bilateral understandings, buying shoot slots and set uping set downing rights. Furtherto a greater extent, SIA went on to buy Boeing 747 Jumbo jets and in like mien cargo services were offered excessively. Following 7 old ages in service, the aircraft were traded for new and more expeditious aircraft. SIA has a policy of maintaining immature fleet as a dodge for clients to believe of better safety. SIA anyhow decided to open up out its fleet which included a mix of Boeing and Airbus aircraft. SIA is regarded the best air hos e in the universe following the legion awards they have received. To admit been acclaimed such a good repute and been keeping it for old ages, it has non been an favorable nut to check down. Harmonizing to Chan ( 2000 ) analysis, he betokens that SIA has been so thriving since they put on a double scheme affecting distinction through basic-class in- leakage service and invention, together with speak to leading in its direction. However, doorman ( 1985 ) argued that distinction and cost leading must be in return sole since they require flip out agencies of investings. Furthermore, we examine the critical and organizational factors involved for the strategic triumph of SIA harmonizing to the Chan ( 2000 ) typeface surveies.1. Customer Focus StrategySIA is a service industry. Its top precedence is to heighten client service and besides better the service and switch they offer to run into and fulfill clients demand or else of following cost salvaging make normally imple mented by the traditional U.S air hoses. SIA hook on a customer-foc apply scheme alternatively of concentrating on rivals or themselves foremost. Although it involves a highschool cost, SIA discharge in amount b revision has non been affected. This clearly shows that if an air hose wants to be successful, it has to take the encounter to offer better client service, which in bend involves high investing but finally basking a higher output of net income. This is what SIA implemented and so far has been successful in its quest. SIA was besides the first air hose to concentrate on client service construct and besides heightening its repute of supplying bore service and it is inhering in the heads of clients. This so helps SIA to be in the pole place for sustainable competitory advantage.2. Marketing Weapon Singapore Girl Furthermore, in order to develop and implement high quality service criterions, SIA uses the Singapore Girl icon as its selling arm of great cordial reaction service to clients. With such a simple and genius thought, SIA has been so successful for the past 25 old ages with no mark of ruin. This has been greatly awarded and has make a positive and singular repute such that it is being displayed at the Famed Madame Tussaud s Museum in London. The Singapore Girl is ever feature in the advertisement magazines or layouts even if SIA is advancing new finishs, large aeroplanes, or even new repasts on-board. This is because the bottom line for SIA is to present quality service and that Singapore Girl is the perfect illustration to show that service. A pilot, an aircraft applied scientist or a famed chef will non be worthy to present the message of quality service to clients. SIA air hostesss be dressed to the nines(p) in a beautiful Malay sarong kebaya, designed by celebrated manner house, Pierre Balmain ( Chan, 2002a ) . SIA s nucleus competences include marketing accomplishments highly-developed by its top direction and the interpe rsonal accomplishments of its flight attenders harmonizing to ( Ayob, 2010 ) . Making the flight every bit gratifying as possible is the aim of SIA.3. TrainingSIA has adopted a rigorous and selective attack for staff enlisting. It is base on an intensive and comprehensive forwardness where the most suited and efficient staffs are selected for an on breathing out 4 month class which is considered the longest preparation of all time every bit compared to some other air hoses. round of the specific subjects covered during the preparation are safety, proviso of service reflecting change and friendliness, beautiful tips, treatments of epicure nutrient, all right vinos and the art of conversation. These subjects antecedently mentioned if good assimilated by the selected campaigners, will supply a major encouragement to SIA and besides to its clients due to the fact that the attenders will hold sensible cognition of the things that clients powerfulness inquire during the flight. As t hese subjects covered up most if non all of the information that usually riders tend to inquire. The preparation is besides conducted during period of economic crisis as it will assist the air hose to travel frontward in service quality rise as other air hoses cogency travel back to salvage cost and besides it proves to the staffs that uninterrupted betterment are of import for success ( Kauffman ) . Furthermore, SIA believes that employees play an of import portion in conveying success to the air hose. Its flight attenders, together with its pilots come from different cultural back builds and are able to pass on to riders in different linguistic communications depending where they fly to.4. Customer service and In-flight serviceIn 1972, SIA became the first air hose to supply free nutrient and downpour drinks on its flights regardless of category, every bit good as in-flight frolic at no excess cost. Passengers are served with delightful, gourmet nutrient and the flight atten ders pay peculiar care to detail. Furthermore, SIA has one flight attender for every 22 seats which is good above the industry norm. SIA will even function instant noodles on petition. In 1997, SIA introduced the Electronic Ticketing for flights from Singapore to Kuala Lumpur and Penang. In the same twelvemonth, it launched advanced in-flight amusement offering riders sing and listening options from a broad assortment of 20 films, 20 short characteristics and about 50 Cadmiums. Besides, First Class, Raffles Class and PPS Club members were provided internet check-in service when winging out of Singapore in 1996 ( Chan, 2000a, p.7 ) . SIA is besides really good at managing people produce of affairs in such a manner that if of all time SIA omens to present the baggage in 10 proceedingss, so it will lodge to that promise ( Ramaswamy 2002 ) . Furthermore what SIA wants to accomplish is that they want to do the clients aware that they are non merely paying to transport them from one sta te to another, but besides that they are basking the service offered to them on board and besides that they feel comfy and non like stuck in an enclosed compartment particularly on a long-haul flight which is rather raging. SIA wants to indicate out that they are viing to be the best air hose in the industry but alternatively they are viing to be the best service administration alternatively. To accomplish that, SIA benchmark themselves non merely against their rivals but to the best in category service companies. With complaisance to business-level scheme, SIA manage to present quality service to clients ( accomplishing distinction ) , at a degree of costs that approach those of a budget bearer. This accomplishment challenges Porter s suggestion that distinction and cost leading are reciprocally sole. ( Heracleous et al. , 2009 ) .5. Customer feedbacksSIA does seek feedback from its riders in order to better its quality service. In 1998, a study on 4000 riders from all the catego ries was conducted. It involves information from riders from different flights viz. London, New York, Los Angeles, Sydney, Mumbai and Hong Kong ( Chan, 2000b ) . Comfort, privateness and the experience that SIA offered were the chief issues involved. So, an immediate action was taken by SIA whereby a squad of specialized people started to restitute and implement what was necessary to be done. For illustration, SIA renovated the made-to-order seats to cashmere covers. SIA wage peculiar attending to clients demand as a resource for invention thoughts.6. Cost prudenceSIA focuses its cost economy scheme at the direction degree. Aircraft care, catering and auspices are run and managed as subordinates. This is planned since SIA will hold a better control of the costs this manner. As a consequence, SIA has generated a better-cost nestle eggs and besides increased its net income border ( Asiatic seam Review, 1996, p.34 ) . Furthermore, SIA relocated and outsourced its database and pro cessing maps to much cheaper Mumbai in India and Beijing in China.7. Strategic flexiblenessHax and Wilde ( 2001, p. 114-5 ) believe that in a fast-changing universe, Strategic flexibleness sewer bring forth higher net incomes by assisting a association stay absolutely tuned to the market and avoid acquiring trapped in dead-end concern theoretical accounts . SIA has been implementing the construct flexibleness by come ining into new markets- opening new paths. Since SIA does non hold any domestic paths to function, it has to purport for paths that even originate in 3rd states winging to another 3rd state. Furthermore, to assist spread out its web of flights, SIA has code-sharing understandings with about 20 air hoses, including cardinal partnerships with Delta Airlines and Swissair. SIA, Delta Airlines and Swisssair are besides spouses of the Global Excellence Alliance, each keeping 5 % equity bets in the other two. ( Chan, 2000b ) . Constructing up confederations as a scheme to stay competitory in the mundane market is aboriginal presents for air hoses to be a success as banknoted by Johnstone ( 1996 ) . Harmonizing to Hanlon ( 1996 ) , retentiveness a strategic hub strengthens the strategic competitory place of an air hose. Singapore is a really good illustration of a strategic hub which contributes to the success of SIA. Furthermore, SIA presents themselves as attractive spouses with other air hoses to construct planetary strategic confederations and webs. In 1998, SIA had a strategic understanding with Lufthansa. This has allowed SIA the chance to hold a strategic European hub in its international web and frailty versa. SIA riders going between Singapore and Frankfurt can now bask more flights to take from due to the understanding made.8. Governmental SupportThe Singaporean Government plays an of import function in negociating actively for favorable air understandings and agreements with other states. It besides helps in the development of Singapo re Airlines and Singapore s Changi drome every bit good. With the coaction of the Singapore Government, SIA and Changi Airport, wholly have distinguishable strategic competitory advantage and has helped SIA in their pursuit for success in the international air power universe ( Business Traveller- Asia Pacific, 1997b, p.3 ) .9. Team lifespanSIA adopts a airy, can-do and animating attack which motivates its squad members. BHAGs are used in SIA scheme to bring forth squad spirit and that is the ground behind SIA success harmonizing to Chan ( 2000 ) . The squad spirit is built within its 6600 junto members through a little group of 13 crew members who are formed and wing together to beef up their relationship in the workplace and besides better the civilization of cost effectual service excellence and the equal force per unit area to present SIA promise to clients harmonizing to Heracleous et Al ( 2009 ) . Furthermore Doganis ( 2006 ) noted that the productiveness of SIA employees is one of the highest in the planetary air hose industry.DecisionMeanwhile, critics and rivals complain that much of SIA s success is due to environmental factors and the function of authorities instead than its ain capablenesss. Analysts note that one benefit of Temasek s 54.5 % interest is lower sensed debt hazard by loaners and therefore lower cost of adoption ( even though SIA does non necessitate to borrow significantly ) . The industrial dealingss climate in Singapore is deemed to be less adversarial than elsewhere, enabling SIA to implement policies that would hold caused significantly more clash in many other air hoses. Critics besides suggest that SIA s acquisitions have non fared that good. In 1999 SIA bought 49 % of Virgin Atlantic, and wrote away 95 % of the investing shortly after 9/11. In 2000 it acquired a 25 % interest in Air New Zealand, which was earnestly impacted by the prostration of its debt-laden Australian arm, Ansett Airlines this investing was besides writ ten

Analysis of “The Ethics of Respect for nature”

In this paper, I will be conducting an analysis of the clause The Ethics of Respect for character written by Paul W. Taylor. In this paper Taylor presented the lay outational complex body part for a flavour-centered surmisal of environmental ethics. The anatomical structures tally to Taylor atomic number 18 based on three categories which are cerebrate. The first part of the structure is c eached reward for nature. What this section of the article basically talked about was how valet cosmos l unrivaled(prenominal) respects living things.And it also mentioned how if we as human beings were to align to the life-centered dodge of environmental ethics, the way in which we cerebration the origination aright now will sacrifice to read in to change we would be caring for nature more than(prenominal) than we are now. Taylor argued that, it is the just (well-being, welfare) of individual beings, considered as entities having inseparable worth that determines our clean-livingistic relations with the mankinds wild communities of life. In order to prove his cause he was able to relate the argument with the anthropocentric views.In the anthropocentric view, human actions affecting the natural environment and its anthropoidal inhabitants are right (or wrong) by either of two criteria they bring consequences which are favorable (or unfavorable) to human well-being, or they are consistent (or inconsistent) with the schema of norms that protect and implement human rights. From this humanist standpoint it is to universe and only to domain that all duties are ultimately owed (James). We as human have no obligation to promote or protect the high-priced of nonhuman living things.The difference between the life-centered formation of environmental ethic and the human-centered system of environmental ethic is in life centered system (as noted earlier) we as human will have more art to the nature. Our duties to respect the integrity of natural ecosystems, to preserve endangered species, and to avoid environmental pollution stem from the fact that these are ways in which we flock help make it possible for wild species populations to achieve and maintain a healthy existence in a natural state (Taylor).Our duties with respect to the world of nature would be seen as making prima facie claims upon us to be balanced against our duties with respect to the world of human civilization. We could no perennial simply take the human point of view and consider the effect of our actions exclusively from the perspective of our own practised. The read that the author used to disembarrass the respect of nature is by making clear the fundamental moral attitude that underlies and makes intelligible the commitment to live by such a system.The second part of the structure is a belief system that constitutes a way of conceiving of the natural world and of our place in it. This belief system underlies and supports the attitude in a way t hat makes it an appropriate attitude to take toward the Earths natural ecosystems and their life communities. This section focuses more on the perception of biocentric outlook on nature.Taylor believed that the biocentric outlook on nature has quartet pieces the first is human are thought of as member of the soils community of life, second the earths natural ecosystems as a totality are seen as a complex sack up of interconnected elements, with the sound biological functioning of each being mutualist on the sound biological functioning of the some others. Third, each individual organism is conceived of as a teleological center of life, pursuing its own good in its own way.And the break down component, whether we are concerned with standards of merit or with the concept of inherent worth, the claim that humans by their very nature are superior to other species is a groundless claim and, in the light of elements (1), (2), and (3) above, must be rejected as nothing more than an irrational bias in our own favor (Taylor). To further interpret his argument he was able to relate human with other species in a biological aspect.The laws of genetics, of natural selection, and of adaptation apply equally to all of us as biological creatures. In this light we consider ourselves as one with them, not set apart from them. We, as well as they, must face certain basic conditions of existence that impose requirements on us for our survival and well-being. Each animal and plant is like us in having a good of its own. This argument is considered a strong one because it logically self-explanatory and there are galore(postnominal) scientific evidence to support this argument (Darwins theory of evolution).What differentiate us humans from any other species according to Taylor is our good. This argument is reasonable because, although our human good (what is of true value in human life, including the exercise of individual self-reliance in choosing our own particular value systems) is not like the good of a nonhuman animal or plant, it earth-closet no more be realized than their good can without the biological necessities for survival and fleshly health (Taylor). Taylor also argued about the possibility of extinction.The possibility of the extinction of the human species, a possibility which starkly confronts us in the contemporary world, makes us aware of another respect in which we should not consider ourselves permit beings in relation to other species. This argument has some strength to it because according to biology, the well-being of humans is dependent upon the ecological soundness and health of many plant and animal communities, while their soundness and health does not in the least depend upon human well-being.Thinking about it, one can argue that the existence of the human race is not necessary. Every last man, woman, and child could disappear from the face of the Earth without any significant perverting consequence for the good of wil d animals and plants. On the contrary, many of them would be greatly benefited. The destruction of their habitats by human developments would cease. The poisoning and polluting of their environment would come to an end.The Earths land, air, and water would no longer be subject to the abasement they are now undergoing as the result of large-scale technology and ung overned population growth. Life communities in natural ecosystems would gradually return to their former(prenominal) healthy state. Tropical forests, for example, would again be able to make their mount contribution to a life-sustaining atmosphere for the whole planet. The rivers, lakes, and oceans of the world would lastly become clean again. Spilled oil, plastic trash, and even radioactive waste qualification finally, after many centuries, cease doing their terrible work.Ecosystems would return to their proper balance, poor only the disruptions of natural events such as volcanic eruptions and glaciation. The third component is a system of moral rules and standards for guiding our treatment of those ecosystems and life communities, a set of normative principles which bring in concrete embodiment or feel to the attitude of respect for nature. Taylor was able to support his argument by relating the melodic theme of human superiority to the system of moral rules.The relations that the author do in this case certainly helped his argument because, knowing that we as human are superior to other animals, we tend to overlook the morals in which we are supposed to look at which result in humans not respecting other species (James). The author also argued that various nonhuman species have capacities that humans lack. There is the speed of a cheetah, the batch of an eagle, the agility of a monkey. Why should not these be taken as signs of their superiority over humans in the way we as human treat other species?This evidence is reliable because according to research a cheetah is speedy than an aver age human being, an eagle has a much better vision than an average human and a monkey is much more fast than an average human being (Taylor). In the aspect of moral rights and the subject area of competing claims, Taylor argued that animals and plants should not be included in the class that have moral rights. He argued that there is no reason, why plants and animals, including whole species populations and life communities, cannot be accorded sanctioned rights under my theory.This is a strong argument because to grant them legal protection could be interpreted as giving them legal entitlement to be protected, and this, in fact, would be a means by which a fiat that subscribed to the ethics of respect for nature could give public perception to their inherent worth (James). The strength of this article is that it can be related to many aspect of the human race today in love to the definition of right and human rights today. Most of the term that was used in the article was well defined for example the definition of both life and human centered environmental ethics.There was also enough commensurate support of his argument, for example in the way Taylor used the anthropocentric view to support his argument of life-centered environmental ethics. One weakness that I found in this article is the way the author went about relating his topic in order to make his argument more sufficient. The author should have utter in introduction that he will be using the attitude of respect of nature, the good of being and the concept of worth and so on to support his argument instead of jumping into the discussion.In conclusion, Taylor presented the foundational structures for a life-centered theory of environmental ethics. The structures according to Taylor are based on three categories which are related. The first part of the structure is called respect for nature, the second part of the structure is a belief system that constitutes a way of conceiving of the natural w orld and of our place in it and the third component is a system of moral rules and standards for guiding our treatment of those ecosystems and life communities, a set of normative principles which give concrete embodiment or expression to the attitude of re pect for nature . The authors main purpose in this paper has been to sieve to establish a base point from which we can start running(a) toward a solution to the problem. Most of the arguments that Taylor constructed in this paper are in reality convincing and was supported by evidence both scientific and philosophic evidence.

The Risk Factor of Diageo

try FACTORS Investing in the securities offered using this course catalogue involves risk. You should consider c arfully the risks set forth below, together with the risks described in the documents structured by reference into this course catalog and some(prenominal) risk factors intromitd in the prospectus supplement, earlier you patch up to buy our securities. If either of these risks actu from for each one oney overtake, our business, pecuniary condition and responses of operations could suffer, and the calling price and fluidness of the securities offered using this prospectus could decline, in which case you whitethorn lose all or part of your investiture. jeopardys Relating to Diageos Business You should read Risk Factors in Diageos Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal class ended June 30, 2008, which is incorpo enume evaluated by reference in this prospectus, or equal sections in subsequent filings incorporated by reference in this prospectus, for t raining on risks relating to Diageos business. Risks Relating to Diageos Sh atomic number 18s Diageos sh ares and American depositary shares whitethorn experience volatility which testament negatively affect your investment. In recent years most major standard grocerys score experienced significant price and trading volume fluctuations.These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the to a lower placelie companies. Accordingly, thither could be significant fluctuations in the price of Diageos shares and American depositary shares, or ADSs, each representing four ordinary shares, even if Diageos operating results meet the expectations of the investment community. In addition, announcements by Diageo or its competitors relating to operating results, earnings, volume, acquisitions or joint ventures, cracking commitments or spending, switchs in financial estimates or investment recommendations by securities analysts, changes i n market valuations of some other(a) food or beverage companies, adverse economical performance or recession in the United States or Europe, or disruptions in trading on major stock markets, could cause the market price of Diageos shares and ADSs to fluctuate significantly. Risks Relating to the Debt Securities, Warrants, Purchase Contracts and Units Because Diageo is a retentivity company and shortly conducts its operations through subsidiaries, your right to receive payments on debt securities issued by Diageo or on the guarantees is subordinated to the other liabilities of its subsidiaries.Diageo is organized as a holding company, and considerably all of its operations are carried on through subsidiaries. Diageo plc had guaranteed a summarize of ? 6,970 million of debt as of June 30, 2008. Diageos ability to meet its financial obligations is dependent upon the approachability of cash flows from its domestic and alien subsidiaries and affiliated companies through dividend s, intercompany advances, management fees and other payments. Diageos subsidiaries are non guarantors of the debt securities we may offer. More all over, these subsidiaries and affiliated ompanies are not necessitate and may not be able to pay dividends to Diageo. Claims of the creditors of Diageos subsidiaries have precedency as to the assets of much(prenominal)(prenominal) subsidiaries over the claims of Diageo. Consequently, in the event of insolvency of Diageo, the claims of pallbearers of notes guaranteed or issued by Diageo would be structurally subordinated to the prior claims of the creditors of subsidiaries of Diageo. 2 hedge of Contents In addition, some of Diageos subsidiaries are subject to laws restricting the amount of dividends they may pay.For example, subsidiaries of Diageo incorporated to a lower place the laws of England and Wales may be restricted by law in their ability to declare dividends due to failure to meet requirements tied to bring in asset leve ls or distributable profits. Because the debt securities are unsecured, your right to receive payments may be adversely affected. The debt securities that we are offering will be unsecured. The debt securities are not subordinated to any of our other debt obligations and therefore they will rank equally with all our other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. As of June 30, 2008, Diageo group had ? 5 million sum of money principal amount of secured indebtedness outstanding. If Diageo Investment, Diageo detonating device, Diageo finance or Diageo slight on the debt securities or Diageo defaults on the guarantees, or in the event of bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, then, to the extent that Diageo Investment, Diageo Capital, Diageo pay or Diageo have granted security over their assets, the assets that secure these debts will be used to satisfy the obligations under that secured debt before Diageo Investment, Diageo Capital, Diageo finance or Diageo could rat payment on the debt securities or the guarantees, respectively.If there is not enough collateral to satisfy the obligations of the secured debt, then the remaining amounts on the secured debt would share equally with all unsubordinated unsecured indebtedness. Your rights as a holder of debt securities may be inferior to the rights of holders of debt securities issued under a disparate serial generalation pursuant to the indenture. The debt securities are governed by documents called indentures, which are described later under description of Debt Securities and Guarantees. We may issue as many distinct serial of debt securities under the indentures as we wish.We may also issue a series of debt securities under the indentures that provides holders with rights superior to the rights already granted or that may be granted in the emerging to holders of another series. You should read carefully the specialized basis of any particular series of debt securities which will be contained in the prospectus supplement relating to much(prenominal) debt securities. Should Diageo, Diageo Capital or Diageo pay default on its debt securities, or should Diageo default on the guarantees, your right to receive payments on much(prenominal) debt securities or guarantees may be adversely affected by applicable insolvency laws.Diageo plc is incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, Diageo Capital is incorporated under the laws of Scotland and Diageo Finance is incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands. Accordingly, insolvency proceedings with respect to Diageo or Diageo Capital are likely to proceed under, and be governed by, UK insolvency law and insolvency proceedings with respect to Diageo Finance are likely to proceed under, and be governed by, Dutch insolvency law.The procedural and significant provisions of such insolvency laws are generally more favorable to secured creditors than like provisions of United States law. These provisions afford debtors and unse cured creditors only special(a) protection from the claims of secured creditors and it will generally not be practical for Diageo, Diageo Capital or Diageo Finance or other unsecured creditors to prevent or delay the secured creditors from enforcing their security to repay the debts due to them under the terms that such security was granted.The debt securities, warrants, procure contracts and units lack a real trading market, and such a market may never develop. Each of Diageo, Diageo Investment, Diageo Capital and Diageo Finance may issue debt securities in different series with different terms in amounts that are to be determined. Debt securities issued by Diageo, Diageo Capital or Diageo Finance may be listed on the New York Stock throw or another 3 Table of Contents recognized stock rally and we expect that debt securities issued by Diageo Investment will not be listed on any stock vary.However, there can be no boldness that an sprightly trading market will develop for any series of debt securities of Diageo, Diageo Capital or Diageo Finance even if we list the series on a securities reciprocation. Similarly, there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop for any warrants issued by Diageo. in that location can also be no assurance regarding the ability of holders of our debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units to sell their debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units or the price at which such holders may be able to sell their debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units.If a trading market were to develop, the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units could trade at prices that may be higher or lower than the initial offering price and, in the case of debt securities, this may result in a return that is great or less than the interest rate on the debt security, in each case depending on many factors, including, among other things, prevailing interest order, Diageos financ ial results, any decline in Diageos credit-worthiness and the market for similar securities.Any underwriters, broker-dealers or agents that participate in the distribution of the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units may halt a market in the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units as permitted by applicable laws and regulations but will have no obligation to do so, and any such market-making activities may be discontinued at any time. Therefore, there can be no assurance as to the liquidity of any trading market for the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units or that an active public market for the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units will develop.General Information regarding distant Currency Risks This prospectus does not describe all the risks of an investment in debt securities denominated in a property other than U. S. long horses. You should consult your financial and effective advisors as to any specific r isks entailed by an investment in debt securities that are denominated or collectable in, or the payment of which is linked to the grade of, unusual currency. These debt securities are not appropriate investments for investors who are not sophisticated in foreign currency transactions.The information set forth in this prospectus is directed to prospective purchasers who are United States residents. We disclaim any certificate of indebtedness to advise prospective purchasers who are residents of countries other than the United States of any matters arising under foreign law that may affect the purchase of or holding of, or receipt of payments on, the debt securities. These persons should consult their own legal and financial advisors concerning these matters. veer judge and Exchange Controls whitethorn Affect the Debt Securities Value or blow overDebt securities Involving Foreign Currencies Are Subject to General Exchange Rate and Exchange Control Risks . An investment in a de bt security that is denominated or payable in, or the payment of which is linked to the value of, currencies other than U. S. bucks entails significant risks. These risks include the possibility of significant changes in rates of flip-flop amongst the U. S. dollar and the relevant foreign currencies and the possibility of the imposition or modification of supervene upon controls by either the U. S. or foreign disposals. These risks generally depend on economic and political events over which we have no control.Exchange Rates Will Affect Your Investment. In recent years, rates of exchange between U. S. dollars and some foreign currencies have been highly volatile and this volatility may continue in the future. Fluctuations in any particular exchange rate that have occurred in the past are not necessarily indicative, however, of fluctuations that may occur during the term of any debt security. Depreciation against the U. S. dollar of the currency in which a debt security is payab le would result in a strike in the effective yield of the debt security below its coupon rate and could result in an overall loss to you on a U.S. dollar basis. In addition, depending on the specific terms of a currency-linked debt security, 4 Table of Contents changes in exchange rates relating to any of the relevant currencies could result in a decrease in its effective yield and in your loss of all or a substantial portion of the value of that debt security. We Have No Control Over Exchange Rates. Foreign exchange rates can either float or be flash-frozen by sovereign governments. Exchange rates of most economically developed nations are permitted to fluctuate in value copulation to the U. S. dollar and to each other.However, from time to time governments may use a variety of techniques, such as intervention by a countrys central bank or the imposition of regulatory controls or taxes, to influence the exchange rates of their currencies. Governments may also issue a new currenc y to replace an alert currency or alter the exchange rate or relative exchange characteristics by a devaluation or revaluation of a currency. These political actions could change or interfere with currency valuations and currency fluctuations that would otherwise occur in response o economic forces, as well as in response to the movement of currencies across borders. As a consequence, these government actions could adversely affect the U. S. dollar-equivalent yields or payouts for (a) debt securities denominated or payable in currencies other than U. S. dollars and (b) currency-linked debt securities. We will not make any adjustment or change in the terms of the debt securities in the event that exchange rates should render fixed, or in the event of any devaluation or revaluation or imposition of exchange or other regulatory controls or taxes, or in the event of other developments affecting the U.S. dollar or any applicable foreign currency. You will bear those risks. Some Foreig n Currencies May Become Unavailable. Governments have imposed from time to time, and may in the future impose, exchange controls that could also affect the availability of a specified foreign currency. Even if there are no actual exchange controls, it is possible that the applicable currency for any debt security not denominated in U. S. dollars would not be available when payments on that debt security are due. Alternative remuneration Method Used if Payment Currency Becomes Unavailable.If a payment currency is unavailable, we would make required payments in U. S. dollars on the basis of the market exchange rate. However, if the applicable currency for any debt security is not available because the euro has been substituted for that currency, we would make the payments in euro. The mechanisms for making payments in these alternative currencies are explained in Description of Debt Securities and GuaranteesAdditional MechanicsUnavailability of Foreign Currency below. We Will admit Currency Exchange Information in Prospectus Supplements.The applicable prospectus supplement will include information regarding current applicable exchange controls, if any, and historic exchange rate information for any debt security denominated or payable in a foreign currency or requiring payments that are related to the value of a foreign currency. That information will be furnished only for information purposes. You should not assume that any historic information concerning currency exchange rates will be exemplification of the range of or trends in fluctuations in currency exchange rates that may occur in the future.Currency Conversions May Affect Payments on Some Debt securities The applicable prospectus supplement may provide for (1) payments on a non-U. S. dollar denominated debt security to be made in U. S. dollars or (2) payments on a U. S. dollar denominated debt security to be made in a currency other than U. S. dollars. In these cases, The Bank of New York Mellon, in its capacity as exchange rate agent, or a different exchange rate agent identified in the prospectus supplement, will convert the currencies. You will bear the costs of conversion through deductions from those payments. 5

Americanisation Is the Large Influence

Americanisation is the large regulate that the United States has on other countries. This particular presentation leave management on the impact of American culture on Australia. Americanisation had started in Australia in the 1950s, with the introduction of the Television. Since then, Australian culture has been influenced dramatically by America. Americanisation has caused Australias general culture to imitate American society and culture. This presentation agrees with this thesis and will argue that Americanisation has a positive effect on Australia.In particular, it will find out American impact on Television and food, as well as Australian modality. Television is one of the major indicators of Americanisation in Australia. It is an influential animate being that shows how American culture works and operates, and affects the cultural mindset of the Australian people. In Australia, the amount of American shows to Australian shows is genuinely huge. This is in turn provides a higher variety of entertainment to Australian TV, at a bargonfaced price. Many shows like Two and a Half Men and Seinfeld, are shown more(prenominal) than Local-variety TV shows like Home & Away and Neighbours.This means that Australia is introduced to more American culture on TV than Australian culture, and is an indicator that Americanisation is very present in Australia although food and cuisine is also highly-affected by Americanisation. Australian diets are impacted on by American chain-restaurants such as KFC, McDonalds, and Subway, all of which amaze chains located in Australia. These chains have turned Australian diets that are of no difference to Americans, and have introduced a wide variety of American food products.This means that Australians have a higher number of options to choose from, along with their own variety of topical anaesthetic foods, such as lamingtons and meat pies. Americas chains in Australia have included some big-brand and highly popular names, s uch as McDonalds, KFC, Subway, and Burger King, along with our own unique brand names, such as Oporto, Baskin-Robins, and hungry Jacks. This creates a unique blend of Australian cuisine, highly influenced by American culture. This is evidence of the imitation of American culture, as our diets have been made to conk theirs, and our food selections are also ainly American. Australian diets, and Aussie entertainment, have all been influenced by America, and fashion is no exception. Australian fashion is highly Americanized. This means our Aussie fashion has been has been stylized to imitate America, to suit American values and culture. A new-made interpreter of this would be the snapback hats and varsity jackets, array usually only seen in American Major-league sport, which have been recently introduced into Australian fashion earlier this year.This is an drill of American culture seeping into Australian society, and has introduced a broader variety of clothing and styles in Aust ralia. But even before the snapbacks, America already had an complete influence on what we wear, and how we wear it. This is proved in the sports-wear brand Nike. Nike had introduced themselves as a sport-wear company, and eventually introduced their own brand of clothing lines into Australia. Another example would be the introduction of bandannas and wearing baseball caps back-to-front.These are all examples of Americanisation on Australian culture, and what they wear, affects what we wear, and how we wear it. Australian society has a feint outside(a) presence in the world. We are a highly Americanized nation, following American culture and society, and have imitated what they do, how they entertain, what they eat, and what they wear. This means we live in an Australian society, with American culture, values, and mind-set, and has had a positive affect on Australia.

Ikea in Brazil

IKEA IN BRAZIL IKEAs view is to create a better e realday life for the many people. The business idea supports this vision by offering a enormous hold of well-designed, functional firm furnishing products at prices so menial that as many people as attainable will be able to afford them. The IKEA product range focuses on good design and function at a low price. It offers home furnishing solutions for every room in the home. It is co-ordinated so that no government issue which style you prefer our designers and product developers work hard to ensure that our products allude your day-to-day needs and eliminates the unnecessary.This business could be successful in brazil-nut tree? Brazil is among the ten leading world economic powers. He entered a mild recession in 2009 (-0. 2%), Brazils economy has regained growth impulse in 2010, boosted by the revival of trade and supported by various recovery measures. Estimated at 7. 5% of GDP, the highest growth in Latin the States. In r ecent years, Brazil has become one of the major powers of economic growth, give thanks to reforms to stabilize the economy through the promotion of investment, boost and oil sedulousness consolidation in the world with its exports.Lulas government brought the institutional stability and shortly Brazil Dilma Rousseff, the new president, elected in October 2010, pledged to continue the policies of originator President Lula. Despite the good economic performance, social issues are important. The state of matter remains one of the most(prenominal) unequal, there are strong regional disparities. IKEA for Brazil represent a window to the outside, as the Brazilian consumer is very attracted to foreign products, especially if we talk about Europe.Since the Brazilian consumer IKEA offers a wide range of practical and high quality products at low prices. The quaternity cities chosen for introduction are Sao Paolo, Brasilia, Salvador de Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. These cities are chosen b ecause they are the most populated in Brazil. With this information, we will perform an analysis to see if IKEA is possible in the Brazilian market. Besides being the gateway to South America and continue the IKEA expansions.

Implementing new technology Essay

Part 1- Changes That Organisations Have Had To Make To Their Activities and Performances out-of-pocket to clean applied science 2 Activities 2 Performance 4 Part 2 How Employees and Employers atomic number 18 Affected by Changes in IT 6 Part 3 How Organizations Can Manage Risks When Using New Technology 8 Cyber criminal offence 8 Security Mea accrediteds 9 Part 1- Changes That Organisations Have Had To Make To Their Activities and Performances ascribable to New Technology Activities Organisations consume to admit their activities to promote their products and acquisition of products and other(prenominal)(prenominal) statement of productses. Adapting Sales and Marketing Strategies. nearly governings are instantaneously changing the steering that they market place and denounce their products to arrangement their developments in IT. Organisations batch now market their product by showing it on search engine results, this is a cheaper way in marketing their product w orld wide exclusively it big billetman be hard acquire the top spot on a search results page. Business deals puke non only be by the phone where spate have to be employed, it stop now be entere by email, over the net income, conferences and video calls. This volition renounce the arranging to get the product quicker and exit generate to a greater extent business from abroad.This tail assembly alike reduce the price of the product and this cleverness be passed on to the customer, this entrust al pathetic the influenceup to be to a greater extent competitive. Organisations substructure utilise viral marking to promote products. They layabout put in adverts on social net rub downs, were people will send information to a nonher person. This will rattlingize well with teenagers who physical exercise social networks a lot. both(prenominal) institutions will partner up with all(prenominal) other arrangings to promote each products on their web spots. Organis ations dismiss monitor or log sales victimisation specialist computer software. This will allow them to get a more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) greater understanding of the impact of products on consumers.They will be able to adapt their product range on demands of customers. They will be able to do this by looking at feedback through the ordering outline. Adapting New defileing Opportunities The developments in IT have benefactored shapings to have quicker and easier automatise ordering musical arrangements. Some governings mapping EDI to monitor memory board, this processs them to track sales and when they are running low on a product, it will automatically order brisk stock. Organisations give notice change the way they sell their products to see what method is best suited.They could use catalogues which are cheaper then showing your products in shop, but they are withal dear to produce, websites could be used and over the phone. Organisations superpo wer demonstrate to none products up with the current technology. Using New Technology in customer Support Some plaques have chosen to use new automated telephone schemas, where the exploiter has to select an option for a real department. This any(prenominal)times leads the customer to be on hold, waiting to talk to a section of supply. nodes send word get precise frustrated and they will go with a nonher company, who do not use automated system of ruless.Organisations somewhattimes have a website with a FAQ page or customer verify page and a contact page. Some Organisations withal have a forum on their website, this lets other people with their products help each other out. Secure coin Transfer Organisations will use Electronic Funds Transfer which help to reduces fraud and theft. Customers can use their chip and pin card to buy products which also help to reduce fraud. If a organisations has a online shop they could also use a tertiary company unspoiled funds off like PayPal to spring payments more secure. It pr crimsont hackers getting in to the system they could use a firewall.Supply Chain Management An EDI system could be used by organisations to allot processes and service. It can allow organisations to talk to each other thorough the system this will make ordering products more than quicker. Outsourcing will let the organisation use a 3rd party to provide the service. Logistics Organisations can electronic tracking to see were customers product is, this also helps to improve customer service. Organisations can use software which is design to scheme the most efficient route for deliveries. Organisations can minimize the amount of stock held.This helps to improve their cash flow. They can link it to their stock control system to make real that they have enough stock for the demand of a product. Integration with Partner Businesses Organisations can partner up to provide a customer focused service. They will be able to communicate and set up their products or services by using an EDI or an MIS. By producing a product or service together, the organisations will be able to make more customers to the organisations. Establishing an Internet Presence It is rattling pregnant the organisation has a professional looking website.It can be expensive to build a custom built website but a website that has not had much bullion spent on it can look tacky and will not be the best impression on the organisation. Customers most make sure they are not mis-lead by a professional looking as sometimes the organisations are not enti affirm credible. On organisation website they exponent have abet pages, promote products and services and they could also have an e-commerce site. automation Manufacturing Processes Robots have been introduced to manufacturing, they can help to reduce damage, economise time and do antics that people do not want to do.Robots can do heavy and precise tasks. Some organisations us both automa ted and manual systems. Robots can be used in very dangerous jobs, such as radioactive areas, drilling under the sea and using certain chemicals. Robots dont have to be used for dangerous jobs but they can also be used for processes and packaging. Reducing Intermediation Organisations can try to become more efficient by cutting out the center man. This will allow them to keep costs down and past these on to the customer but not all companies will.Some organisations will sell their own products in their website, this cut the costs of having a high alley shop. Usually a business will make sure it write outs more information than a consumer, as they will be able to bestir more for the product be driving the consumer will not know much almost it. Consumers now usually know much more about a product thanks for the internet. The internet has helped to bring prices down as consumers know more about the product. Performance Organisations will pick up to manage their services better du e to IT developments.Productivity GainsAutomated manufacturing and developments in customer support can help with gains in productivity. Organisations can have large productivity when they use an automated system and the use of robots that can work 24/7. Although robots will sometimes pick out repairs it will be able to work all the time. Robots can produce consistent products and the makeup can rely on the amount of work the robots will do, this will help the organization to calculate how galore(postnominal) products it can produce over a certain period of time and how much it will cost. Robots will withdraw alimony to keep up with new developments.Cost Reductions Organisations can reduce cost by just selling their products online. They save money by not having to rent out premises, not employing supply and the store layout. IT developments have helped many organisations by not having to employ lag. Increased Profitability To see if the organisation will increase profit, t hey can use a cost upbeat analysis. When they want to introduce automated machinery they will have to see if it will make a profit or loss money. They will compare the new technology to the cost of lag. They will also look at cost saving in time as well.If the organisation does save money this is sometimes most on to the consumer but is it not constantly as the organisation business leader want to make a big profit. Efficiency Business can become more efficient by introducing more automated processes and using more technology. EDI systems can make businesses more efficiently by processing orders, taking payment and inform the accounts system. It allows the system to identify if a item is in stock, automatically orders stock when levels are low and it can reduce the stock amount by how many have been ordered. Improved Management InformationOrganisations can track and give way productivity more easily because of development of specialized systems that can manage information. Or ganisations will be able monitor stock components and the flow of productivity by using a MIS. MIS can be used to throw invoices and up to exit information about the accounts of the company. This will allow the organisation to price their products and services cheaper to remain competitive. Control Organisations can have more control over the performance on the company by having IT systems. By having a MIS efficiency and effectiveness of performance in a business can be monitored by management.With more businesses firing global it is of the essence(p) to locate alternative suppliers, they will be able to provide even more competitive products and saving money. Automated manufacturing will allow a more consistent and reliable outcome, allowing the organisation to stay in control. Customer Service Many organizations are providing enhanced customer service and support some consumers are however finding it hard using new technology. This is be because some organizations have just a website for help and some people are unable to use the internet.This could lead to consumers not get the product and the growth of sales not growing, So it is a secure thinker to have other ship canal customers can contact the organisation. synergy and Integration of Systems Organisation can now combine IT systems due to IT development. It allows the organisation IT systems to work more effectively. Organisation needs to make sure that when it upgrades the IT systems that they will work with each other and make sure staff can use it. Organisations that have an EDI or an MIS tend to be able compound systems more effective.Part 2 How Employees and Employers are Affected by Changes in IT Organisations have adapted their way of work when they use new IT developments, they whitethorn have to adapt to new staffing structures and job titles. Up Skilling of Workforce Employers A business will have to make sure that it knows when to train to use new IT developments. sometimes the organ isation will have to train staff to use specialist software, the employees will not be able to follow how to use to software it just a few hours they will need time to learn the features and functions of the software.They will need to think of the employees learning styles as many people will learn in different ways and also they also have different levels of ability and confidence. This will also have to be taken in to account when they like at the impact of adapting to new IT developments. Employees Employees will have to keep up to see to it with technology some employers will employ new staff with the appli production line knowledge and make other employees redundant. Employers might send employers to get proficient to use new software in work hours or they might be asked to go in their own time.Dealing with Redundant Skills and Employees Employers When an organisation changes the way it operates can impact the number of staff. Organisations must make sure that it does not h ave unnecessary cost and should deal with redundant accomplishments and employees. When an organisation decides to make people redundant they will have to decide what contribution they are going to make redundant to make it worthwhile, they also need to think about any other costs like, status billet and resources. Also they need to think about redundancy money they will pay out. Employees.When organisation decide to make staff redundant, they must make sure that they do not make the wrong employee redundant and make another employee do their jobs as they may not have the learning to do the work. If an employee does not have the relevant skills they might be asked in any case do a course or be make redundant, so the organisation can employ some one else with the up to regard skills. Home and Remote Working Employers Home working can help the organisation to cut costs, as it does not have to pay for office space. Organisations will also have remote workers which will work ou tside(a) from the office they will be able to use mobile technology.If staff are working from abode their work may not be up to quantity and the effect on the individual or family by the intrusion in their home. Employees Some employees might prefer to work from home as they will be able to be more elastic and can do work when it suits them. Sometimes if staff are working from home their work may not be up to standard and the effect on the individual or family by the intrusion in their home. Impact of Regular Restructuring Employers Regular changes in staff structures and reductions of staff can make the changes cost more and take a longer time.If an organisation makes people redundant they might take necessary skills that the organisations need and they might not be able to replace them with other staff. Employees When restructuring staff the organisation may promote staff to management and they are not fudge for a high level position or they might not have the right equipment to manage staff effectively. When new teams are do to work with each other they may not be as effective as the old ones as some teams are make up of different personalities. Managing Change Employers When organisations decide to change it can be difficult to manage.It can also cost loads to change. When employing new staff it takes time, it also takes time putting new procedures into place. Organisations must be on the alert when moving staff to different jobs that they do not want as they might not have the skills to do their job. Employees Some employees do not adapt to change easily, some staff might have to be moved to roles they do not like and not have the skill they need to carry out the job. Some people are bemused by change as they are not always in control but if they are kept informed about what is going to happen it will help them it prepare them for what is going to happen.Balance of aggregate Employees with Contractors and Outsourced Staff Employers A strategy is n eeded when considering making staff reductions, changes to job roles and outsourcing services. Outsourced staff may be on long term or short term contracts, but are not permanent. It might not be a very effective to run an organisation on working(prenominal) staff as they may not be very loyal and not always available. Employees When the organisation decides to get temporary staff they have to think about what the permanent staff will react, they might not like some one coming in and doing their work or they might try to give all the work to the temporary staff.Part 3 How Organizations Can Manage Risks When Using New Technology It is very important for a organisation to mange risks when they are going to use new developments in IT. It is also important to make changes to security due to IT developments. Cyber Crime It is import that security on the internet is up to date with recent IT developments as the risk of cyber crime is greater. Type Of Cyber Risk translation of Risk Meth ods for Minimising Risk Diverting Financial Assets Criminals can easily and speedily transfer sums of money across the internet.It is helped the high amount of purchasing on the internet. A business will found it hard to track and indentify the proceeding on a global scale. Make sure that hackers can not alter the website by editing the html codes and make users aware and show them how to see if the site they are giving information to is not the real site. Sabotage Communications Viruses can sabotage communications, they might be move through email attachments and files being downloaded. Also is a piece of software is not tested properly it may contain bugs and this is as much as a risk than viruses.It is import to have security software on a computer or on the network. Make sure that software is properly tested for bugs that may occur. Steal Intellectual blank space Business most of the times have the exclusive right to a design to which they have patented, which can not be cop ied by anyone else. Sometimes other business might copy their idea. On the internet is very easy to copy and paste someone else work, this is illegal. Business can operate that their work is not being copied by using search engines, as they are able to search loads of text to match meat quickly.Denial of Service Attacks This happens when a site has a lot of requests for a page on it and jamming the site, until it goes off line. This will stop the organisation from making money. Firewalls can be used to prevent most casteless traffic, but traffic can made to evade the system and discharge the firewall. They could have their website on two severs, so if one goes off line the other one will cover it. Halt e-commerce Transactions thievery over the internet is becoming a major issue, and this sometimes dough transactions.Credit and debit card theft is the main issue and email mail being another. It is important that countries have regulations on e-commerce. Companies could use 3rd party software like papal to get payments from customers. Security Measures Firewalls A firewall is a security measure that prevents unauthorized electronic access to a computer system. A firewalls basic task is to regulate some of the flow of traffic between computer networks of different trust levels. It may be necessary to have more than one firewall, each innkeeper may need one. Access ControlOrganisations must give employees an login user name and a password to make sure the computer is secure and no one can access there files . It is important that users privileges are monitored and that when an employee leaves that their account is deleted. If an organisation has a wireless internet connection then they will need to have it security-enabled, to prevent illegitimate access, unauthorised user could connect to the network and access important business information. Physical Security CCTV can be used it prevent and sustain images or video of the people how are tampering or ste aling equipment.It can record 24/7 to see what events have asleep(p) on. It can be copy to DVD and sent to the police for evidence. It can change the way people behave when they know that CCTV is watching them. Windows and doors should have locks on them for security, as this will stop unauthorized people from getting in and damaging or nicking thing. Digital keypads can be fitted on to doors and only people with the code can enter the room. Mobile devices can be secured by fitting a chain and padlock, key or combination lock attached to a metal cable.The end of the cable has a small loop that allows the cable to be looped around a permanent object. Secure locks should be put on server and communications rooms, as this will stop people from tampering with the server, and only people with a key can access it. Security Personal can look around to see if there are any distrustful people around and move people on. They could also watch the CCTV Backups It is important that orgainisati ons have a back up of important information, it will appear on what sort of information is backed up on a regular basis.Individuals should make sure that they back up files on a regular and frequently. It is important for organisations to make sure that they back up pecuniary accounts before and after each month end and annually. Decisions being made about what files are saved and what data is contain in them. Backups should be also including mobile phones and PDAs. It is important to documenting a network as it prevents loss of important network information it can reduce the need to research solutions. The documenting must be up to date.It is a good idea to document the following Listing addressing schemes Domain structures Cable runs Customers, Suppliers, and so onDisaster recuperation Procedures Back up and recovery is very important to ensure that the system is secure and safe. Having a back up and restoring is critical, some organisations should back up there data every day and done overnight, but it depends on the size of the company. Some organisations keep their records on a off site location and keep them for at least a day, but some keep them monthly or weekly.Power surge equipment should be brought to comfort equipment as if there is a electrical storm they can cause power surges and can damage electrical equipment. Organisations should have a casualty recovery policy, which gives the details about what actions can be taken in an event of a human or natural disaster which can affect an organisation. Disasters may be fire, natural disasters, power failure, disruptions, terrorist attacks, equipment failure, human error, etc. The policy may include procedures for data relocation, alternative sites, additional workers and equipment.

How criminals have adapted to technology Essay

Technology has made our world increasingly open and vulnerable (Goodman, 2012). As companies articulate amazing engineering science for wide-cut purposes, criminals can use that same technology to hurt people. It is a severe assumption to believe that crime-stopping technology cannot be used against the system. Lawbreakers can develop and use technology for the sole purpose of committing crimes and new technologies produce the risks of unanticipated, unsuitable risks and consequences (Cole, Smith, & DeJong, 2014). There are so many different types of new technology that criminals use and that the system uses.Criminals use cyber-crime to break into peoples accounts, and counterfeiting to remove from companies, just to name a couple. Police use computers a visual modality for their work. New programs, like the Geographic Information System, are useful for interpret problem locations to deal with specific crime. All kinds of breeding can be collected in law enforcement database s fingerprints, tattoos, DNA samples, and gun/ballistic records. I think the biggest threat to society from their adaptation is the fact that personal information is so open to the public now. Criminals have grown with the technology and have it off how to get credit card numbers, addresses, and so much that is very insidious for them to have and abuse.ReferenceCole, G., Smith, C., & DeJong, C. (2014). Criminal justice in america (7th ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth. Goodman, M. (2012). How technology makes us vulnerable. CNN Opinion. Retrieved from http//www.cnn.com/2012/07/29/opinion/goodman-ted-crime/.

Definition of Good and Evil Essay

The nature of good and evil one of liberal arts never termination conflicts since the beginning of time. For instance in the novelette Heart of phantasm by Joseph Conrad explores the issues surrounding imperialism, and centers Marlow the main character. The conflict between good and evil is curiously evident throughout the story. In following the novella you begin analyzing and thinking theories for instance people are inherently evil and its uttered in varieties of forms, or people are inherently good, but bend corrupted by society and other alfresco forces.In my linear perspective Im in position of people are inherently good, but constrain corrupted by society and other outside forces I do believe theyre people who are inherently good but influenced negatively by society and endure on evil. I stand on this position because in Heart of unfairness Marlow expresses The word ? ivory rang in the air, was whispered, was sighed. You would think they were praying to it. A taint o f cockeyed rapacity blew through it all, like a whiff from some corpse. By Jove Ive never seen anything so unreal in my life.And outside, the silent natural state surrounding this cleared speck on the earth struck me as something great and invincible, like evil or truth, waiting patiently for the evanescent away of this fantastic invasion. (Conrad 368) This quote Marlow clarifies that hes in this government agency because of the white mans pursuit for ivory which caused death and rapacity in which it proves the point of good people influenced by evil forces. another(prenominal) example of this is in Part III in Heart of Darkness when Marlow and Kurtz finally meet each other through the steamships departure from the Inner Station.Here Marlow describes his developing relationship with Kurtz in term of intimacy and betrayal. Marlow also indicates that the Africa natives are responsible for Kurtzs current peg down of evilness and cruelty. Finally in the end after Kurtz dies his l ast spoken language were the horror, the horror I believe Kurtz is referring to the darkness in his heart or emptiness, also being a failure of his destiny. Chinua Achebe feels differently about the novella Heart of Darkness mainly because its concept of evil.She expresses that The Heart of Darkness projects the externalise of Africa as the other world, the antithesis of Europe and thitherfore of civilization, a place where a mans vaunted intelligence and refinement are finally mocked by triumphant bestiality in other words evil. Achebe also disliked the fact how the African natives were perceived as ignorant and simply scantily faded into the background. Achebe concluded by stating realized that no easy optimism was possible. And there is something totally wrong in offering bribes to the West in reach for its good opinion of Africa. In conclusion Africa was where colonist evil dwelled in Heart of Darkness. Evil in which takes the form of imperialism, hypocrisy, ambiguity, and moral confusion. In which case proves my theory people are inherently good, but become corrupted by society and other outside forces. You can unplowed Marlow in the novella in how he is forced to align himself with all the hypocritical and malicious colonial bureaucracy or the malevolent Kurtz. This result assure the reasons why the nature of good and evil is one of humanities never ending conflicts.

Characteristics of a Good Boss vs. a Bad Boss

We live in a parliamentary law that offers a diverse and broad range of job opportunities, though finding suitable employment can be difficult in todays economy. For some, that federal agency putting up with a bad hirer or a profound imprint. The roughly notable distinction between the two types of oldtimeres is whether they believe you to do your job . A boss are generally define as someone who directly supervises the work activities of others. The perception of whether a boss is considered sizable or bad depends on the outlook of the employee being supervised. Bosses draw in all flavors and styles.Most bosses are easy to work with and go out do their best to create an enjoyable working environment for everyone. Flexibility, candor understanding, listening, open for the input of your employees and taking full responsibility are the most important qualities you need to be a adept boss. A good boss provides good work direction, has a hands-off approach, and is available when needed. everyday a good boss is one that becomes the mentor of their employees. A good boss is as much as team player as a leader. Good bosses unendingly understand and encourage focused side-projects. .A good manager promotes on merit and ability.A bad manager promotes his friends ground on their ability not to show him or her up. As a result, employees tend to be happier, more at ease, and more likely to be more productive. Bad bosses are not pleasing to be around. No one likes an individual who criticizes, belittles and disrespects people. On the other hand, a bad boss micromanages the work of employees, hangs over their shoulders, and often criticizes their work in front of others. A bad boss fails to give recognition for the little things his employee does. Another fibre of a bad boss is inability to communicate.Usually, a bad boss does not listen to what is being said or does not misgiving about what is being said. A bad manager promotes his friends based on their ab ility not to show him or her up. The boss whose self-interest always comes first or whose chief drive is to constantly curry choose with senior managers at higher levels in the organization without sharing commendation with his/her staff or employees. The boss, who demands that a task be completed on an unrealistically small budget, or with an unrealistically close deadline, then goes ballistic when those impossible demands cannot be met.

Sports Comparing Them to Now and in the Early 1920’s

Hi my name is Gilbert I was born(p) on September 7th, 1901 and lend baseball for the Yankees. I have outright been playing on the Yankees for 7 years, since 1921. Baseball for America is our most customary sport and everybody watches it. It is what everybody does and follows their players and team. We players are very readinessed and this all comes to us course through hard work and political campaign. We dont play this enlivened for capital and fame we do it be puzzle we love it and put so much impatience into it.Hi my name is Peyton Manning I play quarter fend for for the Denver Broncos. I chose to play here because I got offered to pay the most here. I also resolute to play here because the division is going to be easy and I figured it would be easy to win. Football is a great gamy because it is the sport now that everybody loves in Americas, people love going to games and by-line their teams and doing stuff like fantasy football. Football takes a lot of skill effort b ut now days it is driven by money and fame.The similarities in the two stories is that some(prenominal) sports take a lot of effort and skill, the two sports were Americas most popular sport at the time, and lastly both were players that played on the teams. The differences is that the most popular sport used to be baseball now it is football, the players dont just do it cause they love it, they do it for money and fame. Also some more differences is back in the day players did it naturally and now a lot of time today they use steroids.

General Internet Skills

planetary Internet Skills Using the Internet for Academic Purposes As a civilise-age child I need to occupy general internet skills to survive at the University of Phoenix. These skills include ? Understanding what the purpose of the browser is. ? Understands the general structure of a website hook. ? Understands the key features of a web page. ? Understands browser features such as address bar, home buttons, history, etc. ? Knows how to use key words in a simple search. ? Understands how to navigate and use the University of Phoenix Student Portal. ? Understands how to choose a development from a credible website. Knows how to cite any electronic references from information used. Appropriately Communicating with Different Audiences As a scholarly person of University of Phoenix, it is main(prenominal) that I learned how to communicate with different audiences.I can do this by using formal communication. It is of the essence(p) that I communicate with the instructors in a fo rmal way. Formal communication is very professional. Students should not speak with instructors as they would their family members and friends. Students should be very respectful when speaking with instructors, being exact and specific, divergence no room for misinterpretation. pic University of Phoenix and University Library Resources The University of Phoenixs deputation is to serve up students achieve their professional goals, improve the productivity of their organizations, and provide lead and service to their communities. They strive to do this by providing access to higher educational activity opportunities that enable students to achieve these goals. Since becoming a student at the University of Phoenix, I have taken advantage of the resources offered in the Library. I bequeath sustain to use the resources throughout my journey at University of Phoenix.The University offers extensive contents and work for research, media library, spunk for writing excellence, have- to doe with for mathematics excellence, and Phoenix C arer Services. The Center for writing excellence offers different tutorials and guides for student improvement, they are very useful. It besides offers WritePoint. WritePoint is a review service that is available to students and alike faculty. It everyows a student to submit a paper and the system automatically reviews it and offers suggestions for improvements. Along with the WritePoint, the Center for writing excellence offers a Plagiarism Checker.It helps the student understand where they are with plagiarism when they are doing an essay. The University Library offers peer reviewed faculty member journal. Many instructors pick out for students to use research information from the University library. The University of Phoenix offers many other resources that are useful. All of them are great to use, so I forget proceed to take advantage of them all. pic Upholding Academic Honesty It is important as a student at the Unive rsity of Phoenix to uphold academic honesty. As a student I will go forward to be original when assoil assignments.The University Of Phoenix Student Code Of Academic Integrity states that Academic trick threatens the integrity of individual students as well as the Universitys academic community. A sign of academic dishonesty is plagiarizing. I will continue to remain original and use the plagiarism checker. pic Setting and Achieving Goals As a full cadence student with a full time job, I had to learn to set short term and long term goals. It is important to set goals because it allows me to get better results. It puts me on the fast track and it similarly allows me to work smarter.I set goals because I am assaying to get a better job to provide better for my family. I have conscionable completed my short term goal, which was to complete the Effective Teaching prepare so that I can gain experience in teaching method in the classroom. Throughout the rest of the time here at University of Phoenix, I will continue to set goals and achieve them. My main goal is to complete school and earn an Associate in Elementary Education. pic Managing Time wisely I have had a tough time adjusting to the online school milieu. I am still learning how to manage my time wisely.I always try to evaluate my muniment and how I overhaul my time. I work a third shift job, so I spend most of my time sleeping throughout the day. I have been told that I need to have at least 24 hours a week to study. Although it is hard for me to spend 24 hours because of my job, I do try to do at least 15 hours. I will start to use my time wisely on my days off. I will try to keep my schedule clear so that I can concentrate on my school assignments. I will likewise prioritize and try to get organized. I will be indisputable to not try to complete every(prenominal) assignment all at once. I will be sure to work on assignments when I am not tired.I will also be sure that I am in a quiesceud e and halcyon environment. I will be sure to use all of these tips in my future classes. pic Fostering education comprehension and retention In order to read effectively, I must follow the SQ3R guide. This guide provides the reading and learning strategy that helps me think critically. I will focus on key points in the readings. In order for me to follow along with my readings, I will be sure to highlight important notes. I will make sure that I am in a quiet area so that I can avoid distractions. Choosing the right environment setting to read is important.All of these tips will help me in my future classes and in my career. pic Adapting work habits to fit your personality I think that knowing my strengths and weaknesses help me understands where I need to apply myself more. With my personality, I am more comfortable listening to music while I am studying. I also like to be in an environment away from other people. I cannot concentrate if I have others around me talking. I take br eaks when I am studying because if I sit in one secern too long, then I lose focus and concentration. I will continue to apply my personality to my work habits because it helps me improve my studies.

Development of Modern Middle East Essay

The purpose of this penning is to build a synopsis of the life history and pee of Muhammad, intelligence of Abdullah, the seer of Islam. It depart all eachwherely sample to address the persecutions he chthonicwent at the hands of his own good-naturedred. Muhammad was and remains bingle of the around influential people the world has ever seen. He was a mortal, illiterate man who has diversenessd world history and left an indelible observe on the history earmarks. He was the at last of the oracles and one of the few with sacred scriptures. The scripture (Quran) is one of the most(prenominal) read and revered books on the face of the earth. His work has everyplace one billion pursuit worldwide comprising people from each races, social status, sex and age. He acknow leadged every prophet in the premiere place him and discriminated against none (Quran 2285). He was a gay sounds champion. In this paper Quraysh and/or Mecca will mostly refer to unbelievers i n Islamic mo nonheism at the succession of Muhammad.MUHAMMAD BIRTH and CHILDHOODMuhammad the son of Abdullah and the grandson of Abdul Muttalib (leader of the Quraysh tribe and custodian of al-Kaaba) is the prophet of the Islamic morality. Muhammad was born in Mecca in the year 570 c.e. which is everywherely cognise as the Year of the Elephant. This is the year that Abrahah, the king of Abyssinia (modern day Ethiopia) sent a powerful great power to destroy al-Kaaba beca social function he viewed al-Kaaba as a challenger since it was attracting more pilgrims than his refreshfully constructed temple in Ye custody. According to history, on access Mecca the lead elephant of Abrahahs convoy refused to enter the city. Then birds filled the skies stone the phalanx with pebbles so frequently so that they had to retreat in defeat. Muhammad was a descendant of Abraham through his son Ishmael. His father Abdullah died few months before Muhammads birth.His mother Aminah sent him the countryside to be nursed and nurtured as was the custom in Arabia. Its believed that the children learn the qualities of self-discipline, nobility, and freedom better in the countryside than in the urban areas. It also gave them the opportunities to be speakers of silvery Arabic spoken by the Bedouin. Aminah did non give up much money to pay for the care so most of the caregivers would non hit Muhammad until she met Halimah a poor Bedouin woman who became Muhammads nurse. nonpareil day while playing with his child peers, ii angels appeared to him in human form, lay him down, outdoorsed his chest and purified his insuret. For fear of what might absorb happened next, Halimah and her conserve Harith returned Muhammad to his mother. (Britannica) Aminah died when Muhammad was only six days old. His grandfather (Abdul Muttalib) took custody of him, then cardinal years later Abdul Muttalib fell sick and suspected he whitethorn not survive the illness, so he asked his son A bu Talib to take scoot of Muhammad. Abdul Muttalib had many sons some of whom were richer than Abu Talib but he was the kindest and most respectable among his brothers. Abu Talib graphic symbol-hardened him very nearly and respectfully.ADOLESCENT to MARRIAGEAt a puppylike age he joined Abu Talibs caravan to Syria. On this Syrian trip a Christian monk (Bahira) saw the signs of prophethood on him, invited him and his uncle to eat with him. He saw the prophet seal on his back and told Abu Talib to cheer him from the Jews and Christians because might kill him if they realize his was the foretold prophet to come after rescuer (Quran 616) And custodytion when Jesus, the son of Mary, said, O children of Israel, hence I am the messenger of completelyah to you confirming what came before me of the Torah and bringing good tidings of a messenger to come after me, whose name is Ahmad. only when he came to them with clear evidences, they said, This is transparent magic. Muhammad w as said to be a young man of unusual somatogenic beauty and generosity of character.He was revered in Mecca due to his grit of fairness and justice that people of ecstasy went to him for arbitration, hence the title al-Amin (the rely One). His uncle Abu Talib recom mended him to Khadija to work on her caravan. He did so nearly that Khadija retained his assist and made him the head of her caravan and proposed sum to him through her friend. They got conjoin when Muhammad was twenty dollar bill five years old and Khadija who was cardinal years old. During marriage they had two sons and four daughters.The two sons twain died young and only Fatimah among the daughters grew up to have children of her own. At age thirty five, Muhammad took his cousin Ali who was five at the while into his household and raised him. He later gave his daughter Fatima to Ali in marriage and it was through this matrimony that his progeny came. (Britannica) All these time although an illiterate, he wa s not satisfied with the spiritual lives of the Meccans. He started retreating to the waxains for meditation. He has seen, heard, and dreamed of miraculous things and beings. He maintained in his mind that there must be a supernatural being somewhere who is responsible for all these creatures. (CARM)CALL to seerHOODMuhammad keep his daily retreat in the cave on the mountain. One day, loosely believed to be the night of power (Laila tul Qadr) in Ramadan at age forty in the year 610 c.e. while in the cave on mount Hira, the archangel Gabriel appeared to him in human form and asked him to recite. Muhammad told the angel that he did not know how to read but Gabriel insisted he recite the name of thy master key (Quran 961-5) Read In the name of your Lord (Cherisher and Sustainer), He who created created man, unwrap of a leech-like clot Read And your Lord is near Bountiful. He who taught (the use of) the Pen, taught man that which he knew not. The appearance of Gabriel to Muhammad confirmed his call to prophethood which also tag the beginning of Islam, and added another important chapter to Arab and world history.Among the first converts to Islam were his beloved married woman Khadija, Ali his cousin and later son-in-law, and his friend Abu Bakr. The words that Gabriel taught him became the first verses (Ayat) of the scriptures (Koran) which later essential to one hundred and fourteen chapters arranged from the longest to the shortest except the opening night chapter (al-Fatiha) which is short. The Quran was revealed in a period of twenty leash years (610-632 c.e), the first thirteen years in Mecca and last ten in Medina.Although not arranged in chronological order, the shorter chapters are the early revelations. The Quran is one of the most revered and read books on earth today. It is the most sacred book for the Muslims they believe it is Gods own words (the original re-create in heaven) and that Muhammad is the last of the prophets hence the other tit le the Seal. In this case Muhammad and the Quran are both comp permitely beyond criticism (reprimand) in the Islamic world. The Muslims will go any length to defend both unheeding of the consequences. (Britannica)EARLY DAYS of ISLAM and PERSECUTIONSFor the first three years Islam had ab come for fightd forty followers (Muslims). Muhammad and the Muslims faced a lot of persecutions at the hands of Mecca pagans, who viewed the new faith as a threat to their polytheistic lives, and the devotions of their forefathers. He was silent preach in private up to now after three years. He preached a lot about kindness to the poor and the weak (women and children), comparability of races, equality of men and women before God. Muslims started gaining ground slowly but surely. Since Mecca ofttimes had visitors, the elders feared that the new faith might pronto spread if strangers started accepting it, so they had to hatch a plan to stop the spread. They continue to defend their religion but offered little new to the challenge Islam brought to them. Abu Lahab (Muhammads uncle) and Abu Sufyan gathered eloquent poets from the tribes and started a propaganda war.The poets coined choice phrases and recited well-crafted verses to ridicule Muhammad and call into doubt the veracity of his beliefs. Muslim converts with poetic skill began to construct rebuttals and soon there were dueling poets all over the city. People began approaching the once high gearly respected Muhammad in the streets shoving and asking him to perform miracles (predict market prices, turn mountains into gold, rack up angels appear, and etc.) like the earlier prophets did. many a(prenominal) Quran verses came down to him to answer the many challenges he faced and those that question the authenticity of the Quran. Muhammad frequently reminded them that he was just a mortal man and the Quran was his miracle. other thing that puzzled the opponents was that Muhammad was not a poet, and his sudden eloquen ce and verbiage was inexplicable. The Meccans admitted to the fact that Quranic verses were nice to listen to and its contents were impassioned and appealing.Some tribe elders began sitting outside Muhammads window at night to hear him reciting his beautiful verses. They enjoyed the verses and knew that those verses could not have come from even the best poet let alone an illiterate man. This continued until they shamed each other into fish filet because that will mean they are encouraging Muhammad and admitting that he was on the slump path. (Emerick Yahiya) He continued (Quran 7194-198) speaking against asking idols for help even though the idols could not see, hear, speak, or protect themselves. These Quranic verses made idol pietism look foolish. These assertions did not settle well with the Quraysh, so they approached Abu Talib (head of the Banu Hasim) and asked him to stop Muhammad or relinquish his protection of him so they could take care of him because he attacks their religion which was Abu Talibs too. Abu Talib knew that to take care of him meant they essentialed kill Muhammad.Remembering the augur he made to his father to protect Muhammad he politely told the clan elders that he would continue to extend his clans protection to Muhammad. Muhammad was lecture that slaves were equal to their masters at a time when slavery was at its height in Arabia. This alarmed the Quraysh leaders which prompted them to motive with Abu Talib for the second time, they took on an able-bodied young man (Umarah) to be Abu Talibs adopted son in exchange for Muhammad. Abu Talib strongly rejected the offer. Meanwhile Muhammad continued his preaching and people continue converting to Islam. (Emerick Yahiya) The Quraysh elders tried a third time to reason with Abu Talib only this with an ultimatum and that was Stop Muhammad or we will fight him and you.Abu Talib did not want to cause trouble for his clan, called Muhammad to a private meeting and said to him fulfil me and save yourself. Muhammad politely responded his uncle by maxim Uncle by Allah, if they put the sunniness in my right hand and the moon in my left and enjoin me to give up this cause, I would never do it until either Allah has unclouded me or I perish in the attempt. When the response was conveyed to the clan leaders, they coherent redoubling of efforts to persecute Muslims. Abu Talib assured him of his unflinching wear no matter what he preached and called the Banu Hashim and Banu Abdul Muttalib clans to swear to an oath to protect Muhammad.The Quraysh then sent Utbah, a yielding Arab leader to Muhammad asking him to stop preaching his religion or at least make accommodation for idol adorationping, then the Meccans would compensate him some(prenominal) he wished. Muhammad recited Chapter 32 of the Quran, which outlines the truth of monotheism, Allahs purpose for creation, and the way He chooses prophets to convey His message of salvation. Utbah was convinced that Muham mad was not crazy and that he should be left alone. Persecution of Muslims then increased to an alarming rate. Muslims were tortured, starved, left to die in hot desert sands, and even murdered.MIGRATION to MEDINA (HIJRA)Due to the persistent persecutions from the people of Mecca, Muhammad accredited the invitation from Yathrib (modern day Medina) to be the head of the city and arbitrator for the warring factions. He could also have freedom to practice and preach about his faith. He migrated to in the year 622 c.e. with his family and some followers. When he was leaving his house Muhammad recited (Quran 369) We have covered them so they cannot see, he slipped out passing unnoticed by the men assigned to kill him. He left his cousin Ali to sleep in his house. Upon arrival at Yathrib, he and his companions were welcomed with loud predict of delight a chorus of girls sang a welcome tenor for them. From that day Yathrib was renamed Medina (city of the prophet). The migration is known as Hijra which also marked the beginning of the Islamic ca lendar. (CARM) Islam started growing rapidly as a dominant political obligate in Medina and Muhammad assumed the role of a de facto head of state.Both men and women (including but not limited to Safiya bint Abdul Muttalib, Asma bint Abu Bakr, and Fatima bint Muhammad) played important roles as activists and teachers to make a homeland for Islamic monotheism a reality. Many women began to vigorously support the new movement, for Islam presented a great leap forward in both womens rights and status. Islam was now going through radical changes. The changes included opposer to idolatry, improving soulal morality, establishing personal relationship with God, and regulations for public and social life. The Quran laid new rules for the conduct of business and commerce, the compulsory 2.5% welfare tax (Zakat) from yearly savings to be given for the benefit of the poor and needy. Fasting (abstinence from sophisticated pleasure d uring daylight) in the month of Ramadan was established.The five daily prayers were now held in congregation in the mosque. (Mission Islam) With the arrival of Sawdah and marriage to Aisha, Muhammad started to establish a inactive household in Medina. Sawdah was a widow of ********* and one of the early converts to Islam. She got married to Muhammad after the demise of Khadija. She was said to be a very kind and humorous woman. Aisha may have been twelve years or so at the time. She lived in her own apartment by the mosque and spent her vacuous entertaining visitors and walking the streets of Medina. Aisha was a quick learner and soon became a sought-after teacher on Islamic issues as the years progressed. Sawdah also had her own apartment and did not encroach upon Aishas domain. She took the inexperienced Aisha under her wing and guided her in her role as a wife. (Inter-Islam)WARS against DISBELIEVERSMuhammad and his followers fought many wars against Islams foes from Mecca, Je ws and the tribes. The first of the great wars was the action of Badr. The Muslims were outnumbered by Meccans just about three to one. The Meccan the States was headed by Abu Jahl a staunch oppositeness of Islam and the person of Muhammad. The Meccans lost their camp and its riches and supplies, and about fifty men including Abu Jahl and many other leaders who died in the war. The Muslims took about seventy Meccans prisoner. The Muslims had fourteen casualties. Muhammad inform that Allahs help allowed them to win (Quran 89 and 817). slice the Muslims continued to celebrate their win in Medina, the Meccans were humiliated by the Battle of Badr at home and wanted to revenge. This will mean a change of events for the Muslims (Quran 3140) If a wound hath touched you, be sure a similar wound hath touched the others. Such days (of varying fortunes) We give to men and men by turns that Allah may know those that believe, and that He may take to Himself from your ranks Martyr-witness es (to Truth).And Allah loveth not those that do wrong. This leads to the Battle of Uhud. The Meccans used the progeny from Abu Sufyans great caravan to procure weapons for next campaign against Muslims. They had three thousand well-armed fighters divided into three massive columns. The womens group was led by Hind, Abu Sufyans wife who vowed not to mourn the deaths of her father, brother and uncles, and also promised not to sleep with her husband until she had her vengeance against the Muslims. Abu Sufyan toilsome to convince his wife of his own bravery also promised not to bathe until he frustrated Muhammad. Many women decided to come along to encourage their husbands and fathers and watch the contest. Hind, Abu Sufyans wife stated We will indeed accompany the army and no one can stand in our way or force us back into our homes, if the women were present at the Day of Badr soldiers running outside would not have happened.At the head of each Meccan regiment were men who wanted to see Muhammad dead. Among them were Khalid ibn al-Walid famous Meccan cavalry general who wanted corona and accolades. Abu Sufyan and his brother-in-law Ikhrimah, the son of Abu Jahl were seeking blood to fight for glory. The women made it clear that if their men struck down the enemy they would be embraced and w0uld spread rugs for them. If you turn your backs we will avoid you and we will never come back to sleep with you. (pbs.org) The oracle instructed fifty archers to protect the Muslims backs and not to move from their posts until they saw the Muslims entering the enemy camp, if the Muslims were being beaten they should still stay at their posts and avoid trying to help so that the enemy could not come in arrears them.However, the archers left their posts allowing the enemy the chance to get behind them which caused the Muslims to be overwhelmed by the much hulkingr enemy (Quran 827-28) O you who have believed, do not betray Allah and the Messenger or betray your trusts while you know the consequence. But when he came to it, he was called, Blessed is whoever is at the fire and whoever is around it. And high-minded is Allah, Lord of the worlds. The Prophet himself got struck by a thrown controversy that knocked one of his teeth off and he fell to the ground. He was quickly surrounded by Muslims to protect him from the charging Meccans. The Prophet tried to get up but fell into a pit, Ali and another man lifted him out of the pit. The Muslims suffered about seventy casualties and many others were severely wounded, and the Meccans lost hundreds. However, the Muslims admitted defeat because of high number of casualties and wounded including the prophet with regard to the size of their army.The Meccan women led by Hind enraged by their near defeat began to mutilate and flaw the fallen Muslims. They cut off noses and ears and made them ornaments or necklaces moving over dead bodies like ghouls. Hind found Hamzas dead body, ripped open his chest and ch ewed on his liver, fulfilling her vow. Hamza was Muhammads uncle and the one who killed Abu Jahl, the father of Hind. Hamza was killed by a slave whom Hind promised to set free if he killed Hamza. (Emerick Yahiya) After the battle of Uhud the Muslims position in Medina was precarious and the hypocrites capitalized on this situation to strengthen their position. Most of the tribes were now emboldened since they realize that the Muslims were not invincible. Many times, Muslims who were sent on missions got massacred and this brought about a lot of sadness among surviving compatriots. Muhammad explained the change in their fortunes as Gods way of testing their resolve and sincerity. (Quran 2155-156).The Jews who had signed treaties with the Prophet broke the terms of the treaties and they were exiled from Medina. The Jews incited other tribes and Mecca to go to war with Muslims to wipe out Islam. The tribes and Meccans made up an army of about ten thousand fighters to attack the Muslim s. The Prophet and other Muslims dug a take advantage at the south entrance of the city to protect Medina from the menacingly large army attack, since the other side was Mount Uhud and the back was the Jewish fortresses.The army arrived but could not enter the city of Medina so they laid beleaguering for three weeks. This was called the siege of Medina or Battle of the Trench. This was a difficult time for Muslims because their intellectual nourishment supply was running out and their Jewish neighbors (Banu Qurayza) had cut the food supply. However, after about three weeks in the cold desert nights the army started feeling weary. One night a raging winter surprise befell the army, and the weather was so harsh that they decided to leave. (Emerick Yahiya)CONQUEST of MECCA and PASSING of the PROPHETDespite all the troubles Muslims faced, Islam was steadily growing. In the year 628 c.e the Muslims and the Quraysh signed the conformity of Hudaybiyah, and the Muslims defeated the Jews at the battle of Khaybar. In the year 629 Muhammad led a lesser transit to Mecca and Khalid ibn Walid converted to Islam. In the year 630 c.e the prophet marched unto Mecca with over ten thousand followers. They faced very little resistance from the Meccans. The prophet and the Muslims destroyed and removed all the idols that filled al Kaaba and established prayers in the place. Abu Sufyan the last strongest Quraysh leader converted to Islam. (Emerick Yahiya) In the year 632 c.e the prophet went to Mecca with over one hundred thousand followers to perform farewell pilgrimage (hajj). This was to be his last hajj and this was where gave the farewell sermon (address), which reads O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I dont know whether, after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again.Therefore listen to what I am saying to you carefully and TAKE THIS WORDS TO THOSE WHO COULD NOT BE PRESENT present TODAY. O People, just as you regard this month, this day, and this city as Sacre d, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your LORD, and that HE will indeed reckon your deeds. ALLAH has forbidden you to take usury (Interest), therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived Beware of Satan, for your safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things. O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have right over you. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness.Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to commit adultery. O People, listen to m e in earnest, worship ALLAH, say your five daily prayers (Salah), fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to. You know that every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim. YOU ARE ALL EQUAL. NOBODY HAS favourable position OVER OTHER EXCEPT BY PIETY AND GOOD ACTION. Remember, one day you will appear before ALLAH and answer for your deeds. So beware, do not astray from the path of righteousness after I am gone. O People, NO PROPHET OR APOSTLE WILL COME after(prenominal) ME AND NO NEW FAITH WILL BE BORN.Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand my words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the QURAN and my example, the SUNNAH and if you follow these you will never go astray. All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. BE MY WITNESS O ALLAH THAT I HAVE CONVEYED YOUR MESSAGE TO YOUR PEOPLE. After the prophet concluded his lowest sermons the following quranic (ayat) verse was revealed to him (Quran 53) This day have I amend your religion for you, completed My Grace upon you, and have chosen Islam for you as your religion. Muhammad died in the year 632 c.e. after a short illness two years after he conquered Mecca and destroyed the idols in al-Kaaba. He was buried at Medina in the Mosque (Masjid Nabawi).There is no forcing anyone into this way of life. Truth stands clear in the from error (Quran 2256)SourcesGelvin James L, (2011) The Modern Middle East- A History, Oxford University Press, reinvigorated York Emerick Yahiya, (2002) The Life and Work of Muhammad, Alpha Books, Indianapolis Britannica Online Encyclopaedia- Muhammad (The Prophet of Islam). Retrieved on family 23, 2012 www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad PBS-islam Empire of Faith-Profiles-Muhammad. Retrieved on September 25, 2012 www.pbs.org/empires/islam/profilesMuhammad.html Christia n Apologetics and Research Ministry (CARM). Retrieved on September 30, 2012 http//www.carm.org/muhammad Inter-Islam Home. Retrieved on October 12, 2012 www.inter-islam.org/Biographies Mission Islam. Retrieved on October 15, 2012 www.missionislam.com/knowledge/zakat.htm