Chapter 8 summary-business ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chapter 8 summary- business sector ethical motive - Term Paper ExampleMoreover the concepts of business ethics have been successfully illustrated with many of the examples from business world.A person becomes liable to a firm when he signs the contract at the first place when he is employed. A contract that is signed at the cartridge clip of hiring sets the rule for an employee. The rules must be followed by the employee in any case because it is agreed by both the parties. An employee is liable to reach certain targets in order to get fair remuneration. The clauses of a contract not only includes the framework that is supposed to be followed by an employee but it further includes even the smallest matters such as holding the prospects regarding dresses clearly.There is always a combination of comments and acceptability when it comes to loyalty towards the company from an employee. Some of the writers of business ethics believe that an employee needs to be highly loyal to the compan y whereas on the other bowl over it is believed that in that location is a non acceptance of the fact that loyalty should be exercised to the diminished social life of an employee. It is rather depending upon the nature of the job and what type of the organization would an employee would be working. There are some of the jobs nature that withdraw over times. The need of defending the interest of an employer is far more significant and required than just world loyal to the company.There could be a certain points and instances where the interest of an employee would surely collide with the interest of an employer. In this chapter, the issues between the interest of employee and employer have been referred to conflict of interests. The conflict of interest of could be in terms of employees desire of wearing clothes the way he wants, coming late at work or could be a conflict in the attainment of remuneration. The conflicts could be solved for sure but there could be instances wher e the conflicts would be unacceptable for the company

Neel,Alice(USA) Self Portrait,1980 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Neel,Alice(USA) Self Portrait,1980 - Essay ExampleHer spectacles portray frailty, yet proclaim her as one who sees. The glasses were her focussing of saying, look, Im person who inspects, Im someone who scrutinizes. Thats who I am. Such contrary elements hint of her singularity (Sandra 2004).She sinless the nude self-portrait in 1980 app atomic number 18ntly it was one of the many experimental self-portraits. When she was quizzed on why she did it, her response was, the causal agency I did it was because my face bores me. I can non bear that little Anglo-Saxon face. But with the whole body, strange things are happening the flesh is falling off bones. I always had bad feetI have a big toe, and there is a leg that is frightful, but as a work of art, it is gorgeous. With a career, spanning a lot of the twentieth century, the self-portrait suggests her conservancy with its major art movements, as sh confess by the Matisse-like to strip chair and collusion of green and orangish diag onal planes of color on the bottom half of the canvas. Neels self-portrait portrays the emergence of women as artists in their own right. She paints herself into a corner sitting in a blue-stripped chair near the point where two bear walls of a white room meet at what we presume is her reflection in the mirror. The subjects naked body, framed by a layer of bluish shadow from an invisible origin of scintillation on her right is the focus of the painting. Her hidden vagina is at its center. The brush reveals to us that she is an artist as does the yap away and the rather not glamorizing eye-glasses (Nochlin 247).From another angle, Neel presents the viewer as a woman artist who has found her way out that neglected space on her own conditions. Her body at a three-quarter angle is not idealized as a female nude or a representation of an aging woman. Neels body with its bending shoulders, its hanging breasts over her full stomach and fleshy legs sags in every

Journal learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal learning - Essay ExampleThe cost assists in ensuring that the restaurants management meets all feedbacks and requests (Fox, 2011). I approached the issue through bonding with the employees and determining the barriers to communication. As a result, I recommended training classes so that employees would improve their communication and relationship skills.Leadership styles should be employed depending on the situation and diagnosed problems (Bacon, 2011). The service industry requires an approach that ensures close relationships with the customers and employees. A delegated approach leave alone ensure that the decision- reservation handle has been distributed to the employees and management (Beatty and Hughes, 2013). Including employees in decision-making processes through provision of ideas will create a competent workforce. I exercise such leadership styles that included bonding with the employees and training them on issues that were not to a standard. Ensuring employee satisfaction will increase individual production because they will not feel left out in making core decisions. Additionally, managers just make decisions while employees experience them while performing their roles. It should also be noteworthy that the success of training and coaching depends on the approach style of leadership (Beatty and Hughes, 2013).Strengths include being a team player, self-motivated and a natural leader. I have utilized the skills in the provision of expertise to employees that I am in charge of at the restaurant. My weakness is trusting everyone easily without having a background snap off on the performance of the employees. I would improve on the setback in the case of another internship

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Globalization - Essay ExampleIn the recent past, globoseization has been given impetus by a crook of forces such as the rapid changes in communications (Globalization) the birth of natural and sophisticated means of communication such as the telephone, and computer technology such as the mesh and email has speeded up the process of planetaryization. With these new and efficient ways of communication, information, ideas and knowledge can be hereditary everywhere within seconds and this has led to change magnitude connectivity and interdependence, thus globalization. Increased communication at international level has resulted to cross-cultural interactions between people and societies in general it is now possible to transact business across the globe thus giving rise to what is now referred to as a global economy.The rapid changes in transportation imbibe also been an another(prenominal) factor that has led to increased globalization in the new-fashioned times (Pettinger) ne w and efficient means of transportation such as the airplanes, steamer ships, and electric trains among others have increased global connection and interrelatedness. It is now easier for people, goods, and ideas to move across national borders than it was before due to the increased ease in global transportation in this regard, the whole world has been reduced into a global village due to the interconnectivity. Because of the increased ease of transportation, multinational corporations can now manufacture their goods and products in other countries and sell them across national borders.The increased connectivity and interrelatedness of global economies due to globalization has resulted to a number of effects, both positive and negative for instance, multinational interactions have led to increased business opportunities and a global common market that is self-sustaining (Effects of Globalization). Multinational corporations can transact businesses

Uninsured and Ill, A Woman is Forced to Ration Her Care Essay

Uninsured and Ill, A Woman is Forced to ration out Her Care - Essay ExampleKaur, a year old doll who has suffered from glaucoma since she was a child. Hailing from a shortsighted background, we see how her family struggled to take her to an optometrist who through and through prescribed stronger and stronger spectacles. Now a grown, married lady her illness is a crucial problem to her day to day work. Ms. Kaurs access to care for her eye delineate has been affected by umpteen situations.Ms. Kaur full treatment in Manhattan newsstand, at her husbands uncle, she makes $6 an hour, and she works from 6 am to 3 pm without lunch break for seven days a week. In her health condition, she uses glasses to see well. Her annual income when calculate sums up to $16000 per year. This amount does not qualify her or Medicaid or any other government health program for the poor. Occasionally she experiences eye throbbing upset that require medical attention. Her visits to the New York eye and ea r infirmary, where she has been treated for glaucoma on and off since 1999, leave her in debt and having exhausted her earnings on medication and other necessities Ms. Kaur, sometimes avoids regular rejuvenate visits. On many an(prenominal) occasions, Ms. Kaur acts as her own physician and druggist though it is said that, with lack of professional attention, she may hustle up causing a problem in her other eye.The absence of a regular doctor to examine her condition has also been seen as a hindrance since she does not receive the free samples that many patients enjoy with regular doctors. A spokes woman for allergen explained that pharmaceutical companies have free drug programs for the poor. Ignorance is another barrier to Ms. Kaur health access the fact that she lacks a source of information about the readily available indemnification programs for the poor, company programs for the uninsured this would have enabled her to receive xalatans for at least 6 months. Ms. Klau is al so faced with pagan barriers, culturally a young woman in India was not allowed to work to make

Define the term culturally competent organisation and elaborate what Essay

Define the term culturally competent composition and elaborate what actions could be taken by the organisation to increase its cultural competency - Essay ExampleThis is more relevant in attend sectors, especially the health care industriousness. One must appreciate the uniqueness of health care industry before proceeding further. A healthcare professional needs to strike an equation with the patient before each meaningful healthcare can take place since, matching of frequency in thought, feelings and close is essential for the patient to really start surenessing a professional nurse. Unless this trust is developed and nurtured, any hope of speedy recovery can be safely forgotten. The only way such trust can take roots is through cultural compatibility. The patient must feel completely at home for medicines to start taking effect. (Sue, D.W. & Sue, D, 1990)A culturally competent healthcare institution accepts the difference that exists among diametric cultures and races and n ot only respects that difference but also adapts itself to serve all those who come from assorted cultures. The first step towards becoming a culturally competent healthcare organisation is to engage in deep research about different cultures and taking professional assistance from persons who are experts in the nuances of these cultures and cultural groups. The results and findings of these researches need to be circulated in an easily intelligible format among all the healthcare professionals in the organisation so that each one of them gets the opportunity of equipping themselves to face challenges of cultural diversity.But a culturally competent organisation not only tries to adapt itself to diverse cultures of those whom they serve. They also induct such cultural diversity within their ranks by employing people from diverse cultures so that it becomes almost natural for the organisation to mechanically adapt to practices prevalent in far off countries. (Cross, T.L., B.J. Bazro n, K.W. Dennis, and M.R. Isaccs, 1983)Such a constructive approach towards overcoming the restraint

Self Marketing homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

self-importance Marketing homework - Assignment ExampleIn this paper, I will analyze my characteristics and the situation that I am facing in my current position. I present myself as a caller that is will to attract its targeted customers, i.e. the employers. Overview Self analysis is an important factor to promote oneself in this competitive era. With the changes in the spherical environment, organizations are now-a-days providing increasing significance to the human resources, i.e. the employees who can contri stille to the achievement of the organizational goal and create value. Therefore, the prospective employees are required to prove better than others and it is essential to gain competency and thus expect the employers to benefit them. This paper mainly focuses to promote myself in the inunct constancy. With this concern, the paper shall present a company analysis indicating me as the company. Furthermore, customer analysis will be performed considering my employer as th e targeted customer. Competitive analysis, value ambit analysis, country climate analysis and SWOT analysis will in like manner be performed as self-assessing tools. go with Analysis My aim is to become a mechanized Engineer in crude oil and gas application in a managerial position. The task of the mechanical engineer is to perform research, assess the mechanical equipments and victorious special care of the machines. The Mechanical Engineer of oil industry requires dealing with various managerial trading operations such as Processing of the industrial system Manufacturing system i.e. plant and products Dealing with the transport equipments bag structure on the oil platform Computer mechanism and measures I have completed Mechanical Engineering course as my educational qualification that has provided me with an in-depth knowledge of the industry operations. Thus, it would be beneficial for the oil industry to employ me. Because I can deal with the factors related with the p ost of Mechanical Engineer in the oil industry. I have a capability to motivate my subordinates through my communication skills, commitment, and trust. I am also hard working and can face any organizational challenge. These factors can be highly beneficial for the oil industry to gain customer competency and the value chain management with the attention of productive manpower. This in turn can maintain long term profitability in the market field on the whole. On the similar context, being an employee of the industry I can gain prestigiousness in the locality. It can be stated that being employed in the reputed firm can also reward me higher incentives as well as satisfactory career growth. And thus help me deport a healthy and successful life. It shall be a mutual understanding between the industry and me with a common objective of growth. As I wish to grow with my organizational competency, I can be highly productive for my employers. Customer Analysis US oil industry is one of the leading industries of the world. The industry had increased property acquirement and had caused total capital expenditures. It was analyzed through research studies performed by experts that the oil industry had doubled its total capital expenditures in 2010. The industrys expenditures was $72.8 billion in 2009 but had increased as $177.9 billion in 2010. The industry also exports its products with an increased gas reserve by 12% in 2010. Therefore, from the data given above it can be stated th

Impact of Slavery in Virginia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of Slavery in Virginia - shew ExampleThe period of war brought an opportunity for many slaves to get freed without formal emancipation. The eagerness of Britain to debase the preservation in their colonies leads to freeing of many slaves who accepted to fight in the American cause (Taylor, 2013). The revolutionary sentiments ruddiness and provided the pressure that would later lead to the liberation of slaves from shackles and forced labor. The war of the independence for Americans further contributed to the release of slaves during this period. The internal enemies referred in the title of Tylors book were the slaves of Virginia. Their story is well told by Tailor in the fight for independence. A war that made the British government officers promise freedom for the slaves who managed to flee their bondage and escaped their rebellious owners. These slaves were encouraged to enlist in the Forces. These slaves were instrumentally a significant resource to Britain during thi s war. Their understanding of the environ countryside of Virginia made it necessary for them to be enlisted with the forces because the invaders did not have an understanding of the countryside (Taylor, 2013). As such they would provide a counter war that would defeat the invaders. Thus the British war effort found the escaping slaves very pivotal to them.Soon, the British officers were taking steps to emancipate the whole slave families that had taken advantage of the American revolution to free themselves in Canada and the Caribbean.

One Hundred Secret Sense - Amy Tan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One Hundred Secret Sense - Amy Tan - Essay modelingChinese culture and English culture are so inherently different from each opposite that it often takes a lifetime for an individual of Chinese origin to adjust in an English or Ameri fag end culture. The disagreement between the two cultures is almost as strong and evident as the difference between the Chinese and English language. The narration of Chinese superstitions and tales strengthens the relationship between Kwan and Olivia. Kwans belief that she can see ghosts because of having yin eyes originates in her relationship to the ago because it is a belief of the Chinese culture. Her relationship to her past is particularly evident from the fact that Kwan recounts tales from the past life. The story The Hundred Secret Senses revolves around the process of base of the new Asian-American identities that Kwan and Olivia, and millions of Chinese girls like them undergo while living in a culture that is worlds unconnected from th eir original culture.The fundamental reason why Kwan contemplates a trip to China is to find out more about her connection to the Yin world. Remembering and accepting her past has a significant effect on how Kwan lives now. It at last becomes obvious that there is a connection between the fidelity of Kwan to Olivia and that of Nunumu to Miss Banner in wrong of past lives being in the present. As the visit of Kwan, Olivia, and Simon to China is transformed into a tragedy, Olivia happens to accept the conviction of Kwan. It is because of Kwans remembrance and acceptance of her past that she manages to lead Olivia to the realization that in addition to what can be perceived with the use of five basic senses, there is a whole lot of other things which cannot be understood without the use of the hundred secret senses. Olivia gushes in the conclusion of the novel, The world is not a aim but the vastness of the soul. And the soul is nothing more than love, limitless, endless, all that moves us toward knowing what is true. . . . And

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Macroeconomics - Essay guinea pigBoth are equally bad for the national economy. Current gross domestic product, lump and Un job Rate The US GDP in year 2012 is estimated at 15.68 trillion. Real GDP in the US increased by 3.6 portion annually in the third quarter of 2013 over second quarter and the swelling tempo is estimated at 1 percent in the month of October, 2013 that is lowest since October 2009. Similarly, unemployment rate is estimated at 7 percent in November 2013 down from 7.3 registered in the previous month (US rising prices Rate). Unemployment Rate in Past 10 eld The following graph taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics provides unemployment evaluate for last 10 years item in the US (Source http//data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000). It is takeing to note that during boom period of economy between 2003 and 2007, unemployment rate move to slide. tin financial crisis it began rising rapidly and went up to almost 10% during 2009 and 2010. As of now it is hove ring almost 7 percent. Inflation Scenario in Past 10 years The US plyeral replacement states, Inflation is a general increase in the overall price levels of the goods and services in the economy (Federal Reserve). The Fed takes into account some(prenominal) price indexes while calculating inflation. The monetary insurance policy is governed by the Federal Reserve and it aims at achieving maximum employment, low inflation and moderate long-term interest rates. The following graph shows inflation rates for last 10 years in the US. Source http//www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/inflation-cpi It is amply clear that inflation rates vary significantly in last 10 years. During financial crisis, it touched to as low as -2 % in 2009 and prior to that it was at its peak at 6 percent in 2008. For last several quarters, the inflation rates are hovering between 1% and 2%. The Federal Reserve employs tools of monetary policy to cut back inflation and bring down unemployment rates as i ts major objectives. Monetary Policy Influences Inflation and Unemployment Usually, the Federal Reserve bows the federal investment companys rate that banks charge each other for short-term loans. These changes in short-term rates are eventually passed on to the businesses and households for their borrowing needs. Short-term rates also influence long-term rates such as residential mortgage rates, car loans etc. When the federal fund rate is reduced it triggers demand for goods and services. More demand for goods and services tend to generate more employment reducing unemployment rate that exist. Higher demand of the goods and services will also push the wage increase. Post 2007 financial crisis, the Federal Reserve took drastic steps to stabilize financial system and at that placeby the US economy. In this process, short-term interest rates were brought to near zero. Low interest rates aim at supporting businesses and households to finance new spending and thereby boost the econo my and reduce the unemployment rate. However, in this process, there is possibility that inflation rate would also start going up. As far as inflation rate is within the targeted rate, the Fed rate will keep using the tool of lowering the interest rate to boost the economy and generate the employment. The moment inflation starts exceeding the target rate, the fund rate will move in the reverse direction to cool down the economy and thereby control the inflation rate (Monetary Policy). Post 2007 financial crisis, when the economy was shattered the Fed resorted to the

Causes and Effects of Water Pollution in Lake Huron Essay

Causes and Effects of Water Pollution in Lake Huron - Essay ExampleIts drainage character is large in comparison to other Great Lakes since it covers part of Ontario and Michigan lakes. Its pisss are useful to several people who bound it especially the farmers. However, the Lake has been facing nigh water befoulment challenges that make its waters disastrous. The ultimate aim of this context is to examine the sources that lead to pollution of Lake Huron and the Great lakes. It then looks at the effects of this pollution and winds up by providing recommendations on what can be done to save Lake Huron (Buchsbaum, 2009). Causes of Water Pollution on Lake Huron Several pollutants caused by human activities around the region have affected Lake Huron. Some of the most common pollutants are as mentioned below. Chemical Contamination Lake Huron is ply by contaminants, which initiate from several sources among them being spills, municipal discharges, industrial discharges, landfills, ag ricultural runoff and storm sewers (Krantz & Kifferstein, 2010). These contaminants pull back into Lake Huron through several trails including atmospheric deposition, direct liberation and river discharge. In comparison to Lakes Ontario, Michigan and Erie, pollutant concentrations are relatively low in Lake Huron. However, public health consultative exists concerning utilization of trout and all Areas of Concern (AOCs). Atmospheric affirmation Besides, its massive surface area, like the other Great Lakes, has made it susceptible to atmospheric deposition of pollutants. It has a large surface area and comparatively few regional pollutant leg sources (Mahler, molarity & Callender, 2006). Loading to Lake Huron from water al-Qaida are stumpy of all the Great Lakes, but air basis are highest. Bio-accumulative Substances From the recently 1970s to around 1990s, the concentrations of bio-accumulative matters like DDT, PCBs, dioxins, dieldrin, and furans turned down considerably in L ake Huron lake trout. Nevertheless, whereas the concentrations of DDT have persistently deteriorated, PCB concentrations have not fallen off considerably since the mid-1980s. DDE inclinations in Lake Huron herring gull eggs appearance a marked reduction in concentration since 1970s. According to other inclinations, concentrations decreased considerably in the late 1970s but continued to be comparatively stable (Mahler, Metre & Callender, 2006). Continuing basis of pollutants is principally from sediments polluted by historic liberation, airborne deposition industrial and municipal librations and land runoff. Initially, at that place were six main Great Lakes regions of considerable environmental pollution or Areas of Concern (AOCs) on Lake Huron. The St. bloody shame River is named as an Area of Concern since it contains pollutants from municipal discharges and non point source contamination sources (Buchsbaum, 2009). Management of industrial point sources is developing, and poll ution consignments are being minimized. The St. Clair River is named as an AOC because of the contamination difficulties on the eastern side of the river. Severn Sound and Spanish are the two other Canadian Areas of Concern that are reacting positively to the remedial activities and displaying recovery (Mahler, Metre & Callender, 2006). The only Area of Concern exclusively in Michigan, Saginaw Bay or river, is modeled as an AOC mainly because of polluted deposits and non point contamination sou

Construction and culture- Old Trafford Stadium (Manchester United Research Paper

Construction and culture- Old Trafford Stadium (Manchester fall in Stadium) - Research Paper ExampleOld Trafford was the premiere stadium to have a ring of seat and stands that completely surrounded the pitch. Opened in 1910, Old Trafford was originally intended to hold eighty atomic number 19 spectators, making it the second-largest sports ground in the country following Wembley Stadium. The clubs rich history from its founding in 1878 to date is all preserved in the Manchester United Museum whilst the Hall of Fame reveres numerous soccer athletes who have assisted the team, Manchester United, ruler the English football league throughout the years. The Trophy Room displays sufficient silver and brass that rouse try to outshine the Crown Jewels. Introduction The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th coulomb in England. It has been extensively well-known that from the conclusion of the 18th century, essential economical and social transformation occurred in England and afterward, in other channelizes, including a remarkable increase in countrywide population sizes, brought about by a more rapid growth of existing towns and cities, changing birth and mortality rates, predominantly in capital cities as well as the manifestation of revolutionary social classes associated to peoples place as workers within the industry or as the owners of industries in the manufacturing process. In addition to the afore respected reasons for the economic and social developments, progress in transportation and networks of communication also propelled the movement. The Industrial Revolution, as noted by historians, was marked by important changes in society. These changes incorporated advancements in agriculture, such as the implementation of bleak systems of farming and the creation of new equipment which permitted for an amplified availability of food as well as the expansion of new machinery in industrial manufacture from increases in information that were more of ten than not the product of sensible empiricism and practical experiences. This revolution and its civilization at the time, saw to the spread of the football culture in Britain and consequently to the construction of soccer stadiums. Old Trafford In its early days the Manchester United (Newton Heath) club utilise to play on different pitches before moving to North Road Monsall in the year 1880 (Manutd.com- The semiofficial Website, 2011). This pitch was among the worst pitches in the entire league. It was always covered with the smoke from the nearby industry. It is also to mention that poor condition of the pitch was due to the uneven cover of gravel to marsh. The pitch was originally unresolved in 1909, after the club shifted its base from their old ground at Bank Lane, Clayton. An interesting notification is that the pitch only had one covered stand, with standing room only, for several years but it offered much(prenominal) luxuries - tea-rooms, tip-up seats and attendants to politely point the way. Following serious financial debt and expenses, Sir John Henry Davies bring through the team from grave bankruptcy and renaming by giving away a grand total of lx thousand pounds in 1909 for the purchase and development of a site at Trafford Park. The novel ground succeeding(a) to the Bridgewater Canal, which was near the Northern end of the Warwick Road in Old Trafford, was complete and ready

The Learning and Growth Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Learning and Growth Perspective - Essay ExampleThe use of equilibrise menu is a truly important aspect of the business compared to other performance management strategies it responds today progress, feedback and changing business conditions. Various successful organizations like Futura Industries have used this strategy of the equilibrate Scorecard and it is evident that the strategy has positively contributed to the companies success over years. A Futura Industries is an international connection based in Utah led by Susan Johnson. It has more than 50 years of experience in aluminum design, extruding, fabrication, finishing, and machining. They needed a plan to help the business grow over years. Susan Johnson, the president of Futura Industries came up with the idea of deploying the Balanced Scorecard in the organization. She argued that for success to be evident in the company, employees welfare is the key to success. She believed that employees are very important assets to the company that need to be treated with ut more or less care and respect. She says that Futura does not only pray great machines, but also great hatful. For an organization in its success in its endeavors The opportunity for own(prenominal) growth is one of the keys to maximizing employee motivation (Bruce & Pepitone, 1999, p.9). Susan Johnson considered growth, innovation, and learning quadrant of the Balanced Scorecard as the most important aspects for the companys growth. A companys success goes attain in hand with its foundation which is molded by the employees. For Futura company success to be evident, Susan Johnson says that the company not only expects success to come from the employees but also its customers. Good Customer care service leaves a promising item to the company that the customer will still come back someday. The Balanced Scorecard has helped Futura Industries in that, the company set goals and provided a safe, challenging and enjoyable workplace for th e employees. Futura industries used the strategy of hiring and people and retaining the best people in the market and customer devotion which highly contributed to its competitive advantage with the other rival companies in the market. To maximize employees motivation in Futura, Johnson came up the idea of implementing surveys to the employees such as Employee friendly initiative at Futura, Birthday Review, Leadership Review, Certification and Training Matrix, and an Annual Performance and Personal Development Review. Performance estimate in an organization merchant ship be widely measured in different aspects as in the case of Futura. It contributes on determining the employees view regarding the company in general and what improvements should be done. Generally, productivity can be increased significantly if supervisors set a specific production goal and provide vigilance and support to the workers (Grote, 1996, p.6). At the end of every year, employees at Futura Industries com plete the Employee Friendly Initiative survey which records in excess of 60 benefits and other factors that are important to the employee such as Sports team membership, Medical benefits, fellow scholarships, and flextime options are discussed. The survey asks the employees to give their views about the polish up benefits. In the case of Birthday Review, the employee is given the review survey in the same

Royal Dutch Shells Innovation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

royal Dutch pillow slips Innovation - Assignment ExampleThere are a lot of financial bearings which must be met by the innovative firm. The process of innovating a firm involves ripe analysis of the market (especially in a everlasting(a)ly competitive industry) which covers from products/services to management strategies. Shell creationness one of the firms which operates in an open economy is not left behind in adopting new technologies and entrys in exploration, production, and marketing of oil and gas products globally. As noted by Hamel & Skarzynski (2012, p.14), the future of an organization in this smack competitive world is bestowed on the ability of the firm to effectively and flexible use technology which stands the emf of enhancing its innovativeness. Royal Dutch Shell has been a pace setter in production and management innovation. done its technical innovations and flexibility, Royal Dutch Shell has revolutionized the Energy sector for decades. However, like ot herwise firms in the industry, the innovation structure adopted by the Royal Shell has certain drawbacks and strengths. The innovation management structure of the Royal Dutch Shell builds on its strengths as a key tool to satisfy its customers and the well being of the employees. The success of the innovation initiated at Shell is believed to be supported by the senior management team. unlike other organizations (which are rigid to interpolate), every at Shell (from top to bottom) are opposed to aged(prenominal) school production and management technologies especially in this competitive economic era. Therefore, the management leads the path towards eliminating technological hurdles which stands on their way to success and market dominance. The level of openness to new ideas, concepts, and technologies is evidenced by the degree at which the management is ready to take the risks of investing in modern technologies both in service delivery and production units. For instance, the scenario planning strategy which has been used by the comp all over the at long last forty years has been successful in solving energy crisis. With the uncertainty facing the future of rock oil and oil products, orchestration of probable uncertain scenario rests on how well the management is open to innovation and technological changes both in operations and service delivery. Besides, Shell uses more environmental friendly solutions such as blueprints. Blueprints advocates for electronic engines in the transportation process as a way of reducing pollution. The success of Shell is also explained by its innovational culture which promotes change and technological advancements. Little cultural residence to change technology at Shell has been essential in helping the company to remain competitive and time-honoured in the oil industry. The company welcomes ideas and concepts from all its staff and goes ahead to reward the employees for their innovative efforts. A perfect example of cu ltural innovation at Shell is game changer program and social take stock (Hamel & Skarzynski, 2012, p.12). Shell has been undertaking a number of management restructuring and product quality to remain competitively relevant in the global energy market .However, its efforts are being marred by some potential gaps that needs further consideration for it to achieve its goals of greater global market share. The basic asset of any firm is the effort of human capital which equally depends on the mode of co-operating and interaction. This company has invested averagely high in technology to improve the quality of its products at a lower value creation cost. On the other side of the coin, this company has given the interest of its staff the least attention

Langford, Galileo, Science and the Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Langford, Galileo, Science and the perform - Essay ExampleThe Catholic Church faced another nemesis from the scientists arguments- one of the demystification of Christ. This was The man Jesus as the personal, visibleonly way to the actuality of redemption p.201, not realizing that knowledge was a antecedent to salvation simply and succinctly through the Holy Scriptures. The knowledge of Christ was what followers sought. And this was coveted by Churchmen- that the knowledge of Christ = salvation.St.Thomas Aquinas would micturate earlier stated that one need not have been smart to come to understanding of this. What is needed for an introduction but a name. It would have gone something corresponding Jesus meet follower A. It doesnt take much to make an acquaintance. What proves valuable is what kind of relationship ensues. For example, much(prenominal) as Master to Teacher, Parent to Child, Creator to the Created and ideally of Friend to Friend. Galileos groundbreaking views of t he universe were demystified with science and piety working together. Whereas the author of this book deemed the church cautious, this reluctance to accept the fated duo (Science and the church) delegated the Catholic Church to play the role, in a sense, of a magician who vowed never to divulge his tricks.Galileos ment

Lotus Car Rental Launch Lotus Green Essay Example for Free

white lily Car letting Launch white lily Green EssayIn the current climate of environmental and financial concerns across the United States many businesses have taken the initiatory to go leafy vegetable. Green products and practices often cost more than at the start and then generate nest egg over the lifetime of the product through energy conservation and maintenance savings. Car letting agencies, including Lotus competitors, have begun to incorporate intercrossed options into their fleet as a way of tapping into an emerging class of eco-conscious consumers. crossbred vehicles be becoming more popular among consumers and are judge to be common place in the near future. Lotus can begin developing a green branch now as part of an initiative to update services that reflect future growth. There are currently more than 1,800,000 thousand railroad railway cars for rent in the United States generating approximately $21 billion in r plainue (Ohngren Brown, 2007). The car rental business as a whole has steadily increased since 2002 and a rise is expected over the next five years. However, due to the dramatic fluxation in gasoline prices as come up as development environmental concerns there is currently a demand for discharge efficient and crossbreed vehicles. letting statistics for Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs), minivans, large trucks and other vehicles that have low fuel thrift have been on the winnow out since consumers began to feel the impact of rising gasoline costs. authoritative customers spirit to save money at the meat as well as a new generation of environmentally conscious spenders are looking for hybrid options. Lotus can accommodate this potential clientele base by launching a line of green vehicles. Major competitors such as Avis Budget, Rent-A-Car, Hertz and Enterprise already offer hybrid vehicles for rent.Although the price of these vehicles is higher per day customers are typically promised to save in gas mileage and they are paying the difference. The majority of potential clients interested in intercrossed vehicles are impulsive to pay more in exchange for the satisfaction of driving a vehicle that produces less carbon emissions and conserves gasoline. crossbreeding-electric vehicles (HEV) subroutine cardinal or more sources of energy. The most common energy sources include a combination of renewable energy storage system (RESS) and gasoline or diesel.However, solar energy, hydrogen and other alternative sources of fuel are available for handling in HEVs as well. HEVs can be configured to increase power, amend gas mileage or provide auxiliary power for electrical devices and power tools. Emerging technology dictates that alternative fuels and hybrid vehicles are leading the way into the future. According to a Priceline survey 72 portion of travelers want rental car companies to offer hybrid vehicles (Environmental Leader, 2007, p. 01).Approximately 39 percent said they would even be willing to pay $1 to $3 more per day for a hybrid option. online investment projects in renewable energy may wan as the price of gasoline drops to $70 a barrel, the lowest in nearly deuce years, but long term projections indicate that the use of alternative fuels will prosper over the next ten years and gasoline usage (Environmental Leader, 2007, p. 01). exhalation green is going to become a necessity for rental companies that want to stay ahead of the curve.specifically companies promoting the do goods of green business practices as well as eco-marketing can build strong brand haleness (Ohngren Brown, 2007). Advertising consorts geared toward the emerging class of eco-conscience money makers are already proving to be successful. According to www. business. gov, a government based business resource, companies that are already private-enterprise(a) in price and services benefit from adding green initiatives, products and eco-labeling as a method of securing a share of the mark et (Business.gov The Official Business contact lens to the US Government, 2008) As a small business looking to expand in a growingly competitive market Lotus can benefit from launching a green fleet of rental options. Current competitors are only using Hybrid vehicles as a small percentage of their fleet. By permutation three currently outdated vehicles with Hybrid options Lotus can begin a green campaign as well as update current selection of vehicles. The Honda Civic Hybrid and the Toyota Prius are two of the most cost effective hybrid vehicles currently on the market.The 2009 Civic gets approximately 45 miles per gal and can be purchased around $24,000. Although this is significantly higher than a conventional Civic, which costs approximately $16,000 and gets 34 miles per gallon, consumers looking to test drive a hybrid as well as a growing number of consumers who will make a decision based on environmental plectrums will choice this option over the conventional model despite the price. The 2009 Toyota Prius is emerging as an even more cost effective hybrid starting at $22,000 it gets 48 miles per gallon.The standard price of a conventional car rental is approximately $55 per day. Competitors are charging $5 to $15 more per day for hybrid vehicles (Rent a Hybrid Car, n. d. ). Hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly more common. So much so that hybrid rentals are also becoming more common. Eventually the cost of hybrid rental cars may be equivalent to that of standard vehicles. However, rental companies must take the lead and offer hybrid vehicles as well as promote them in order to pursue this avenue of business expansion.By making more hybrid vehicles available and promoting their benefits, rental companies could easily increase their popularity among otherwise uninterested consumers. As popularity increases, the price of letting these green cars, which cost less to maintain to begin with, could eventually equal that of standard rentals (Rent a Hybrid Car, n. d. , 4). In conclusion, hybrid vehicles currently cost more than conventional vehicles. But consumers are illustrating that they are willing to pay more for hybrid options.Furthermore, the popularity of hybrid vehicles has already increased dramatically and is expected to continue to do so. The natural process of supply and demand has already produced an increased number of hybrid vehicles within the railroad car market. This trend is expected to continue until hybrid vehicles become a staple within the auto industry. Lotus competitors have already begun to incorporate hybrid vehicles into their fleet as well as launch green campaigns and solidify branding. Lotus can gain an edge by incorporating hybrid vehicles as well as launching a branch of green car rentals.Incorporating hybrids will keep Lotus competitive with other rental agencies as well as meet consumer demand for this product. Currently there are two cost effective hybrid options, the Honda Civic Hybrid and Toyo ta Prius. Although both have higher fuel economy than conventional vehicles the Prius is emerging as a better investment. The Prius gets better gas mileage and costs less. Adding a small percentage of hybrid options allows Lotus to launch a new eco-conscious branding campaign as well as pursue a new class of customers, the environmentally concerned.ReferencesBusiness. gov The Official Business middleman to the US Government (Producer). (2008). Green Marketing Video file. Retrieved from www. business. gov Environmental Leader (2007, April 24). Rental Car Customers Want Hybrid Option. Retrieved from Environmental briefing web site www. environmentalleader. com Ohngren, K. , Brown, C. (2007, September/October). The Greening of the Auto Rental Industry. Auto Rental News, 6. Rent a Hybrid Car (n. d. ). Green or not? How much eco-cred do rental car agencies get for offering hybrids?. Retrieved December 01, 2008, from www. hybrid-rental-car. com

My trip Essay Example for Free

My prompt EssaySIMRAN Good sunrise Mr. Keith, teachers and my dear friends, we are here today to share our friendship on our take d testifytful trip to France. On the 4th of this month, 41 cut students from grades, 8 to 11 and 5 dedicated teachers embarked on their journey to, Le Centre Mediterranean Detudes Francais or CMEF, located in Cap Dail, Nice for a week wide programme.Our days started with us, waking up to a breathtaking and scenic view of the Cote DAzur, very often we would confront cruises sailing peacefully in the ocean. We would then gather in the spacious campus cafeteria, to guzzle down rough yummy breakfast. after satisfying our appetites, we would dash off to our entertaining, interactive and educational French lessons, where we were divided into 3 batches (A1, A2 and B1) according to our level in French.The classes were fun filled, enjoyable and most of all, highly enlightening. Throughout our classes we conversed in French and only French. Our classes included us carrying out role passs, learning about France, French music and even French culture. The A1 class even got to go grocery shopping, where they bought goods with the help of only French words. after the scratch line half of our class we were given half an hour of recreation where we all chatted away, flaunting the new, fancy French words we learned. We would then run uphill, to get back to our classesALI Once we concluded with our classes, we would run down to the cafeteria to read zesty and delicious varieties of Continental food. Lunch, although delightful was often eaten in haste as many wanted to play an intensive and dedicated match of football, which we would eagerly look forward to everyday. While we played, the others were supportive and boosted our spirits, by joyous for us during our matches. We even had an provoke football tournament on one of the latter days. After expenditure an hour daily on football we began our excursions, under the leadership of T olgahan and Astrid, our friendly, talented and understanding coaches.PARTHA Every day, we visited a different town, encountered different people and we got the opportunity to taste some scrumptious French cuisine, similar the Croque Monsieur for example. We went to places like The Picasso Museum and Jean Cocteaus Museum, where we got to see artwork beyond our explanation. We also went to educational and informative places like, TheGlass Factory and The sum Making Factory. In Fragonard (the perfume making factory), we were taught the art of making perfume. There we were introduced to various fragrances of perfume and their components. Altogether, we travelled to Nice, Monte Carlo and Monaco, which are few of the most stunning, brilliant and lively cities in France, with picturesque beaches and monumental places.SANJANA After couple of hours we would return to the centre and rush to the cafeteria. When done with dinner we would all form our own someone groups and play a variety of games, like Uno, Truth or Dare, and some dates we would even start our own flash mobs. An hour later we would be called back to the cafeteria which would have gotten transformed into a Disco way of life or a Games hall, by the very dedicated staff at CMEF. Each day we would have a fun, gripping and spirited activity to perform, for example, we would have a really competitive music quiz, a lesson of French folk dancing where we did manage to teach the others our traditional dances without fail and we also had other exciting activities like crepe and waffle making, or I should rather say crepe and waffle eating.NEUSHA After these activities, nearing our curfew time, we would all return to our rooms to catch some sleep and prepare ourselves for the next day .During this trip we got the opportunity to interact with two other groups, the Italians and another Dubai based school. This trip was a wonderful experience for us to have, and we have made memories that will remain with us for fo rever. The best part of this trip was the peculiar(prenominal) bond created among the 41 students of various grades which we would have never got to know otherwise. We, the students, and our fantastic teachers, had become a dwarfish French family To be honest, we did not know we were making memories, we thought we were just having a good time We surely have memories etched for a life time. Now kindly watch a icon on our trip.

Compare how the theme of loss Essay Example for Free

Compare how the theme of loss EssayAs he was inexperienced and had child corresponding thoughts and imagination, he was unaware of what situation he put himself in, which once again outlines the white of his youthfulness. However, it does mention several times that He asked to join. He didnt have to beg which refers back to the approximation that he is only to blame, as whatever position he is now standing in, was completely his decision. He had also been taken away by the persuasive black propaganda. This makes his loss feel more supererogatory and very regretful.So this defies his argument about blaming gazillion. Whilst comparing these characters together they, as well, blame their faults onto somebody else. We, as a lecturer, understand this, because when he mentions the reasons wherefore he joined up for war, he mentions how it was to please his Meg, and this sounds sarcastic to us that he threw his life away at such a young grow for a girl who doesnt even care eno ugh to visit him anymore, instead leaving him unfrequented in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark.He is more or less blaming her for fashioning his life futile. Also, again in proximity with the poem Out, Out- where he blames it on the snarling saw that appeared to attack at him. Frost personifies the saw repeatedly throughout the poem, how the saw leaped out at the boys yield and how it had snarled and rattled in the yard. Giving the image of an animal, waiting to pounce. These cardinal characters are labored to be independent about their lives because they are both rejected by others.In the poem Out, Out- he complains about how once he died nobody had taken much interest when he died since they were not the wiz dead, they turned to their affairs, and this compares nicely within Disabled where he talks about how womens eyes passed from him to the strong men that were whole, as well as having rejection hit at him, it also makes him feel dehumanised, that he is now labelled Disabl ed and now he has stripped of his masculinity. This again alludes to the mentation of loss as he is being aband adeptd by everyone.He had a massive clump of people chanting him off to war, whereas only some cheered him home. This gives a lonely, isolated and unloved atmosphere. Furthermore, these two poets have created a cable between idyllic working environments with the beautiful circumstance coming into contrast with horrific events. Robert Frost has created a perfect example of this in the poem Out, Out- when mentioning the Five mountain ranges one behind the other Under the sunset far into Vermont and also describes the gentle, scented stuff.The sibilance on the sweet and scented exaggerates the pleasant atmosphere. By mentioning these notes about how everything was delightful, and how all of his five senses are all sensational and pleasurable, it creates a sense of danger in a way that everything at the moment is perfect and it is making the reader predict that it is just leading up to something more hazardous and dangerous.Another example of the use of this heart would be in the poem Disabled where Wilfred Owen describes how the disabled soldier listens outside from his hospital bed how the Voices of boys rang saddening like a hymn and also their Voices of play and pleasure. The use of this anaphora gives the effect of an echo and how the childrens happiness haunts him. Also the plosive used on play and pleasure gives it a harsh tonicity to possibly show that he is jealous of the freedom of the children as he barely had any youth himself so he envies those who have.What sounds to the reader (which is mirrored earlier on) is a beautiful setting by which Owen has as well as Frost added a negative perspective to it. However, in this poem it is to show the emotions of the untamed and bitter disabled soldier, unlike in Out, Out- where it is to show the building tension of a beautiful setting coming into contrast with a scene of horrific events. These characters are very remorseful about why they had made their stupid mistakes in the first place. This once again makes the loss wasted and valueless.

Elementary education effectiveness in Mississippi Essay Example for Free

Elementary development effectiveness in manuscript EssayMississippi consists of four-hundred and lxxxvi thousand people living in poverty ten percent of children belong to families that argon non able to meet their needs (2005). Recent statistics show that those living in poverty are li percent African American and approximately forty-seven percent Caucasian (2005). Research has shown that the socio scotch view of students influence the degree of success they leave experience. (Donahue Grigg, 2003) Mississippi has varying degrees of reading increase among teach districts.In the 2003-2004 rail year, six districts, consisting of wiz elementary indoctrinate, five middle schools and one high school, were identified as in need for alterment, based on the reading and math proficiency of its students. For the purpose of this study, tho schools reflecting a lack in reading proficiency will be discussed. The U. S. Secretary of Education, Margaret Spelling announced in a Nove mber 2005 press firing, Eighty percent of the fastest-growing jobs require at least some note secondary education.Yet far too many students are leaving high school spur-of-the-moment for college. Improved student consummation can provide students better preparation for college, thus closing the feat gap. Low socioeconomic schools, although improving, are still behind the majority of middle-to-upper class schools in America (Donahue Grigg, 2003). in that location are several factors to aim when looking at closing the operation gap make in low socioeconomic schools.One factor is that young, low-income and minority children are more likely to start school without having gained important school readiness skills, such(prenominal) as recognizing letters and counting (2003). As Donahue and Griggs penning showed, when students start school already behind another(prenominal)s, they are likely to continue such patterns if not intercommunicate early on. Existing studies demonstrat e the problems researchers are having addressing literacy issues early on in a students academic career.Researches are trying to find appropriate strategies to combat the achievement gap with many variables which will be discussed gain ground in detail, in the following study. Purpose of the Study The following is a detailed investigation into realizable explanations of varying degrees of reading achievement found in Mississippi and what can be done to hold up a higher over alone proficiency in reading among Mississippi students, while satisfying the requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.Many schools have chosen to implement a school-wide onslaught to closing the achievement gap however, when dealing with schools consisting primarily of low-income students, there are other factors to consider when choosing a strategy. The proposed study will focus on improving reading skills in high-poverty schools found in Mississippi by comparing different techniques widely uti lise and creating a more targeted strategy for low-income students. When deciding on an appropriate strategy for improving reading comprehension there are a few factors one must consider.The following questions will outline the factors to be researched in this study. Research Questions 1. What impact does social economic status have on the achievement gaps found in the State of Mississippi? 2. What are the modify factors found in Mississippi schools that are demonstrating low reading scores among economic solelyy disadvantaged students? 3. ar there high-poverty schools in Mississippi which demonstrate validatory improvements in reading scores? What are the strategies used? 4. How does implementing Theory into Practice (TIP) encourage positive student achievement in disadvantaged schools?Hypothesis To affectively tight low socioeconomic achievement gaps in reading, strong emphasis on establishing proficient reading king should be made in elementary school. Nature of the Study Th e research conducted in this study will be an investigation of existing literature regarding techniques used in improving reading skills, exemplary schools demonstrating such techniques and finally, a suggested strategy to use when applying research to low socioeconomic schools with low reading proficiency found in Mississippi school districts.Significance of the Study The significance of this study is that by identifying factors contributing to the achievement gap found in low socioeconomic school districts, as sound as canvas into existing programs that have had a positive influence on reading performance scores in other high-poverty schools is that, school administrators and policy makers will have a better basis in which to improve upon existing programs and interventions that would be more financially attainable than head start new programs.The high cost of starting new programs such as creating new assessment strategies, providing more stave and researchers as well as other costly planning and implementing variables, often times are not practical for low-economic schools. While children of now are growing up in a world where data are being revealed at an alarming rate and knowledge is simply a click away, reading plays an increasingly crucial eccentric in society (Topping Paul, 1999).The ability to read is not only fundamental for understanding and mastery of every school subject students will encounter, but literacy also plays a critical and crucial role in students social and economic lives (Snow, Bums, Griffin, 1998). As a result, no other factor will have a greater impact on the success of students in Mississippi than their ability to read.With such an emphasis fit(p) on the importance of reading achievement, educational leaders must clearly articulate the expectation that all students can become successful readers, while providing the most effective strategies and opportunities for students to succeed in reading and relieve lifelong reading practices. (Okpala, et al. , 2001) Definitions of Terms Action Team for Partnership- This partnership is also known as a School Improvement Team or a School Council.Although the ATP members oversee the schools partnership program, other teachers, parents, students, administrators, and community members also may lead family and community involvement activities (ATP website). Adequate Yearly Progress- AYP requires that schools hold the alike high standards for all their students regardless of racial or ethnic background, socioeconomic status and English proficiencyCore Academic Subjects- These subjects include English, language arts and reading, arts, civics, government and history, mathematics and science, foreign languages, as well as, economics and geography. Elementary School- a nonprofit institution which includes, public school, daytime or residential school and elementary charter schools which State law mandated elementary education.Family Literacy Services The services pro vided to participants on a conscious basis that foster a positive change in families. These changes include, providing families with interactive activities between parents and child concerning literacy, statement parents to take an active role in their childrens education, belief self-sufficiency by providing parental literacy training, and providing education to children which is age-appropriate and prepares them for school and life experiences.Highly Qualified (in reference to public elementary or secondary school teacher) A highly qualified teacher will possess a State certification for teaching or holds a license to teach in a particular state due to spillage the State exam and is employed in a teaching position after meeting all required testing, training and educational requirements satisfactory to the State, district and school regulations. Mentoring- A responsible elder who provides positive leadership and guidance to a child as a positive role model in that childs life . A mentor mission is to help a child to one day become a responsible adult.Minority- a group of students which do not demonstrate the majoritys characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, ethnic background or other key characteristics. Other Staff- staff found within an institution such as personnel, guidance counselors, and administration and teachers aides. Limitations In her 2005 press release Secretary Spelling said, we all hear a lot of stories about why schools are lacking(p) Adequate Yearly Progress, but we dont hear much about how thousands of other schools are making it and closing the achievement gap.This study is limited by location its main submergence being primarily on Mississippi schools, programs and outcomes. The primary research method is investigating existing literature, as such there is substantial literature on the failures of many schools trying to improve student achievement however there is very little literature depicting success. One other limitation to consider is that this study focuses on reading proficiency however to get the most accurate depiction of a schools success is to consider all core academic subjects.

Glass beaker Essay Example for Free

Glass beaker EssayOur experiment lead be repeated collar times, and we depart use the same stopwatch. We will place the certificate of deposit onto the safety mat and light it. Carefully, atomic number 53 of us will cover the lit candle with the beaker, whilst the other sh ein truth start the stopwatch. As soon as the candle goes protrude the stopwatch shall be stopped, measured and the result will be eterniseed into the results table. This shall be repeated two to a greater extent times for the same beaker and the results will also be recorded into the results table. We will carry come to the fore this method four more times for the measured beakers, and then we will do the same with the splash Jar.The difference in method between the Gas Jar and the other beakers is that we accredit the tidy sums of the other beakers, but the record book of the Gas Jar is unknown. For the Gas Jar, we will put a candle onto a safety mat, light it, and then cover it with the Gas Jar. We will start the stopwatch and record how many seconds the candle is lit for. As soon as the candle goes out, the stopwatch will be stopped. We will record the amount of time the candle is lit for, into the results table. Then I will experience the bonnie result of the three tests for each beaker.I will find this by using this formula. This average will then be recorded into my results table. Then I will draw my graph. On my graph, the seconds will be on the y axis and the volumes of the beakers will be on the x axis. I will plot all of my results onto my graph and measure a line of outmatch watch. On the line of ruff fit will be all of the approximate results of the seconds the candle is lit for, for all volumes of beakers. To find the volume of the gas jar, I will plot the time that the candle was lit for on the line of best fit.Then I will follow my finger from the line, horizontally, to the y axis, and see what the approximate volume of the Gas Jar is. Results TIME CANDLE IS LIT FOR (s) Volume of Glass Beaker (cm 3) Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 AVERAGEAnalysis From my results I have put together out the Gas Jar has an approximate volume of 200 cm cubed. I conclude that it is possible to find out the volume of a beaker when all you know is how farsighted a candle burns for when it is placed underneath.The graph proves my prediction to be correct. I said that the larger the beaker, the longer the candle will burn for, which would then give my graph a positive correlation. This is what happened. When the size of the beaker went up, so did the amount of time the candle beneath it. There was a race between the variables I was measuring The larger the Beaker, the longer the candle will burn for. I proven that there is more oxygen in a large beaker than a teensy beaker, as the small beakers candle did non stay lit for as long as a larger beakers candle. valuation I have achieved the aim that I wrote at the beginning of my experiment. I have found out whether it is the candle or the size of the beaker that determines how long the candle burns for. I have also found out that you can determine the volume of a gas jar, just by timing how long the candle burns for when placed underneath. My plan was quite good. I have achieved all that I precious to achieve, and found out all that I wanted to find out. I have gained everything from my experiment that I had aimed to gain, and without any problems.I dont think that I could have changed anything to make it better, except to possibly do more tests to get my average from, because they will, of course, be more accurate. I didnt change anything to make anything work better, it already worked short fine. My results were very good, all of my results were consistent as they were quite close to each other. Also they followed my prediction perfectly, I had no problems. From my results I have calculated that the Gas Jar had an approximate volume of 200 cm cubed. The actual volume of the gas jar is 210 cm cubed.This result is extremely close to my approximation, which means that my results were very accurate. I also believe that my experiment was a very fair test, we followed our method exactly and had no reason to change anything. I think that my results were pretty reliable. There was an obvious line of best fit in which many of the results fitted in with. I did have one anomalous reading though, but it was not far off track. An Anomalous reading is a reading that didnt follow the same pattern as the others. This major power have occurred because of a number of reasons.For example, We couldve made an error in taking measurements or we might not have filled up the gaps in the beaker enough etc. I think, that by carrying out a further experiment, we would extend our knowledge by changing the experiment a little, by maybe changing a different variable or by having more tests. Either way, we would learn a lot more on this specific subject. Katrina Farrant 10HA Show preview only Th e above preview is unformatted schoolbook This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Conclusion and if I could Essay Example for Free

Conclusion and if I could EssayThe rate of reaction is the speed that a reaction set outs place and how long it occurs for. Chemical reactions only occur when reacting particles collide with each otherwise with adequate energy to react. The minimum amount of energy required to cause this reaction is called the activation energy. There be various variables to consider when measuring the rates of reaction. These enkindle include catalysts, outdoors subject field of operations, temperature or concentration of the liquid. These existence changed can either add or decrease the rate at which the reaction takes place. Temperature in a cold reaction mixture the particles are moving quite slowly-the particles will collide with each other less often, with less energy, and fewer encounters will succeed to occur. However if we heat the reaction mixture the particles take a shit kinetic energy and will move more than quickly-the particles will collide more often. It is hard to p oster accurately the temperatures and will be hard to keep precise when obtaining evidence so I custom experimentation with the temperature.Concentration in a reaction where a reactant is low in concentration, the particles are allot out and will collide with each other less often resulting in a slow-moving reaction. If the concentration of any reactant in a solution is increased, the rate of reaction is increased because the particles are more crowded to bewitchher and will collide more often. Increasing the concentration, increases the probability of a collision betwixt reactant particles because on that point are more of them in the same volume and so increases the chance of a collision forming products. (slower ifaster, illustrated below).Surface area large particles have a small surface area in copulation to their volume-fewer particles are exposed and available for collisions. This means that fewer collisions happen and therefore the reaction is slower. When we use a sm aller solid reactant you are increasing the surface area and that sterilises the reaction occur faster. If one of the reactants is a solid, the surface area of the solid will affect how fast the reaction goes. This is because the two types of molecule can only bump into each other at the surface of the solid.So the larger the surface area of the solid, the faster the reaction will be. Smaller marble chips have a bigger surface area than larger chips for the same mass of solid. There is not enough variation available for this experiment so I wont do this. * Catalysts a catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without being used up in the process. It can be used more than once to increase the rate of conversion of reactants into products. A catalyst lowers the amount of energy needed for a successful collision- so more collisions will be successful and the reaction will be faster.Also it provides a surface for the molecules to attach to, thereby incre asing their chances of bumping into each other. Catalysts are specialized so different reactions need different catalysts. Prediction I shall be measuring how the change in the rates of reaction changes when the concentration of demigod is changed. This change in concentration will affect the rate of reaction because when acid is diluted there is more space for the particles to move so fewer collisions take place. To make these experiments fair tests, I shall make authentic that I broadside all reactants and make sure the temperature of the liquid are the same.I shall take great care to make sure that no catalysts are added. I shall also make sure that I use hydrochloric acid taken from the same source to make sure it is as interchangeable as possible yet I will be changing the concentration of the liquid but diluting it with various amounts of water. I will be using calcium carbonate marble chips and hydrochloric acid to measure the rates of reaction and I will change the rati o of water acid to change the concentration. I chose to do forward experiments to investigate the best amount of reactants to use in my experiments.I did 5 preliminary experiments and they all came out with various results. I came to the conclusion that 1g medium sized marble chips and 10 ml of liquid gave the best results. After doing the preliminary experiments I think the best result was the experiment that I did last. So I have chosen to use those variables in my final experiment. I think that when I perform my final experiment, I shall receive similar results to my preliminary experiment. To find the best possible outcome, I will repeat each test 3 measure and will have 6 otherwise concentrated acid amounts.The amount of liquid will be the same at all times but the ratio of water and acid will change. I will record each meter reading at 20 second intervals to reduce an excess of results. Amount of acid(ml) Amount of water(ml) Concentration of liquid % safety To make sure t he experiment is carried out safely, I will wear protective goggles, I shall suck my hair back, wear an overall. I shall also not sit down by the equipment while the experiment is in progress because if anything gets knocked over, I would have a delayed reaction and it would take me longer to get out of the way.

Dead Poets Society - Belonging Essay Example for Free

Dead Poets ships company Belonging EssayI ingest written some introductory paragraphs for you if you are thinking about using the require Dead Poets high society as a related text.You will need to include a paragraph that examines TWO scenes, with film techniques, and discuss how the concept of Belonging is explored in these scenes if you wish to use this textQ The challenge to give way may be resisted or embraced.The challenge to belong may be resisted or embraced and this concept is explored in feature in Peter Weirs film, Dead Poets Society. In this film we go on a excursion with the student body of Welton Academy, an exclusive private take, and English teacher John Keating as they re-form the Dead Poets Society in the hope of exloring their own dreams. Eventually though, this act is seen as defying the honour code of belonging to the school and as the boys choose to embrace their individualistity they are met with tragic consequences.The four pillars of Welton ar e established in the beginning of the film and this sets the tone for the expectations of the Welton community. In the opening scenes the headmaster praises the school, its tradition and its performance and the audience is left field with no doubt that to belong to Welton means to unquestioningly abide by the four pillars tradition, honour and discipline. To do so, as the rest of the film goes on to show, means to conform at the expense of any individual passions or pursuits, success is measured by adhering to the group expectations rather than individual goals.John Keating does non belong at Welton, not just because of his progressive teaching methods, but because he encourages boys to think and act for themselves, to change, not to conform. He incites them to take risks and break rules in pursuit of individual pleasures. The theme of resisting the challenge to belong is most sharply focused on the relationship between Neil and his father.

Reading Strategy Essay Example for Free

memoriseing Strategy Es differentiateWhat Is It? To aid their comprehension, squeamish realiseers ask themselves interrogations out front, during, and later they interpret. You sewer serve well educatees become more proficient by casting this march for them and encouraging them to ingestion it when they read strong-mindedly. wherefore Is It Important? Dolores Durkins research in 1979 showed that most teachers asked students questions by and by they had read, as opposed to questioning to break comprehension forrader or eon they read. In the late 1990s, more everywhere research (Pressley, et al. 1998)Revealed that despite the abundance of research supporting questioning before, during, and after yarn to help comprehension, teachers take over favored post- see comprehension questions. Researchers hand over also found that when adult readers ar asked to judge loud as they read, they employ a wide variety of comprehension strategies, including petition and makeing questions before, during, and after knowledge (Pressley and Afflerbach 1995). unspoiled adult readers Are aw be of why they argon read the school text fluctuation Preview and make predictions deal selectively Make connections and associations with the text ground on what they already know.Refine predictions and expectations Use context to grade unfamiliar vocalizes Reread and make nones Evaluate the quality of the text Review all-important(prenominal) adverts in the text Consider how the information efficacy be utilize in the future Successful indi appriset is not simply the mechanical adjoin of decoding text. Rather, it is a process of active inquiry. sizable readers rear some a text with questions and develop new questions as they read, for example What is this floor somewhat? What does the main fibre want? Will she get it? If so, how? Even after training, engaged readers still ask questionsWhat is the core of what I postulate read? Why did t he author end the paragraph (or chapter, or book) in this stylus? What was the authors figure in writing this? Good authors anticipate the readers questions and plant questions in the readers mind ( mean of a title such as, Are You My M otherwise? by P. D. East bit). In this way, reading becomes a collaboration between the reader and the author. The authors railway line is to raise questions and then answer them or tender several possible answers. Readers cooperate by intercommunicate the right questions, paying c areful attention to the authors answers, and postulation questions of their own.HOW CAN YOU MAKE IT HAPPEN? To help readers assure to ask questions before, during, and after reading, think aloud the next time you are reading a book, article, or set of directions. Write each question on a post-it dismantle and stick it on the text you confine the question about. You whitethorn be surprised at how many another(prenominal) typic altogethery unspoken questions yo u ponder, ask, and answer as you read. You may wonder as you read or after you read at the authors excerption of title, at a vocabulary word, or about how you volition riding habit this information in the future.You should array to model these kinds of questions in the primary grades during read-aloud propagation, when you layabout say out loud what you are thinking and enquire. Read a book or text to the mark, and model your thinking and questioning. Emphasize that even though you are an adult reader, questions before, during, and after reading continue to help you gain an discernment of the text you are reading. strike questions such as What clues does the title give me about the story? Is this a real or imaginary story? Why am I reading this? What do I already know about___? What predictions mess I make? Pre-select several stopping points within the text to ask and answer reading questions. stopping points should not be so frequent that they hinder comprehension or fluid reading of a text. This is also an excellent time to model repair strategies to correct miscomprehension. Start reading the text, and ask yourself questions while reading What do I assure from what I just read? What is the main idea? What insure is the author painting in my head? Do I need to reread so that I understand? Then reread the text, asking the following questions when you are finished Which of my predictions were right?What information from the text tells me that I am correct? What were the main ideas? What connections can I make to the text? How do I feel about it? Encourage students to ask their own questions after you have modeled this strategy, and write all their questions on chart paper. Students can be grouped to answer one anothers questions and generate new ones establish on treations. Be sure the pore is not on finding the correct answers, because many questions may be subjective, but on curiosity, wondering, and asking sentimentful question s.After students become aware of the best times to ask questions during the reading process, be sure to ask them a variety of questions that git be apply to gain a deeper understanding of the text countenance answers that might be different for everyone Have answers that can be found in the text Clarify the authors intent Can help clarify meaning Help them make inferences Help them make predictions Help them make connections to other texts or prior fellowship As students flummox to read text independently, you should continue to model the questioning process and encourage students to use it often.In the upper elementary and middle school grades, a framework for questions to ask before, during, and after reading can serve as a egest as students work with more challenging texts and begin to internalize comprehension strategies. You can use an hit projector to jot notes on the framework as you think aloud while reading a text. As students become comfortable with the questioning strategy, they may use the guide independently while reading, with the goal of generating questions before, during, and after reading to increase comprehension.How Can You Stretch Students sentiment? The best way to stretch students thinking about a text is to help them ask progressively challenging questions. Some of the most challenging questions are Why? questions about the authors intentions and the design of the text. For example Why do you think the author chose this particular setting? Why do you think the author finish the story in this way? Why do you think the author chose to tell the story from the point of view of the daughter? What does the author seem to be assuming about the readers political beliefs? Another way to challenge readers is to ask them open-ended question that require evidence from the text to answer. For example What does Huck think about girls? What is your evidence? Which character in the story is most unlike Anna? formulate your reasons, base d on evidence from the novel? What is the authors opinion about affirmative action in higher education? How do you know? Be sure to explicitly model your own challenging questions while reading aloud a variety of texts, including novels, subject-area textbooks, articles, and nonfiction.Help students see that answering challenging questions can help them understand text at a deeper level, ultimately making reading a more enjoyable and valuable experience. As students become proficient in generating challenging questions, have them group the questions the time they were asked (before, during or after reading). Students can determine their own categories, justify their reasons for placing questions into the categories, and determine how this can help their reading comprehension. When Can You Use It? education/EnglishStudents who have similar interests can read the same text and meet to discuss their thoughts in a book club. Members can be apt(p) a set of sticky notes to mark questi ons they have before, during, and after reading the text. Members can then piece of land their question with one another to clarify understanding within their group. Since students reading level may not necessarily determine which book club they admit to join, accommodations may need to be made, including buddy reading, audio embarkings of the text, or the use of computer-aided reading systems.WritingGood writers anticipate their readers questions. Have students jot down the questions they will attempt to answer in an essay or short story before they write it, in the order that they plan to answer them. Stress that this should not be a mechanical process as students write they probably will think of supererogatory questions to ask and answer. The key point is to have students think of themselves as having a conversation with the reader and a big part of this is knowing what questions the reader is likely to ask. Math Students can ask questions before, during, and after result a math problem.Have students think aloud or write in groups to generate questions to realised performance tasks relate to mathematics. Social Studies Use before, during, and after questions when beginning a new chapter or unit of study in any social studies proposition. Select a piece of text, and have students generate questions related to the topic. At the end of the unit of study, refer back to the questions and discuss how the questions helped students to understand the content. Science Use before, during, and after questions to review an article or science text.You can discuss articles related to a recent scientific dis directy with students and then generate questions that would help them to focus their attention on important information. Lesson Plans Lesson Plan Questioning, The Mitten This lesson is intentional to introduce primary students to the importance of asking questions before, during, and after listening to a story. In this lesson, using the story The Mitten b y Jan Brett, students learn how to become good readers by asking questions. This is the first lesson in a set of questioning lessons designed for primary grades. Lesson Plan Questioning, Grandfathers Journey.This lesson is for intermediate students using the strategy with the book, Grandfathers Journey, by Allen Say. Lesson Plan Questioning, Kokos pussycat This lesson is designed to establish primary students skills in asking questions before, during, and after they listen to a story. You can help students learn to become better readers by modeling how and when you ask questions while reading aloud the rightful(a) story, Kokos Kitten, by Dr. Francine Patterson. This is the second lesson in a set of questioning lessons designed for primary grades. Lesson Plan request Pre-Reading Questions This is a language arts lesson for students in grades 3-5.Students will learn about asking questions before reading and will make predictions based on the discussion of the questions. Lesson Plan Asking Questions When Reading In this lesson, the teacher will read The Wall by Eve Bunting with the purpose of focusing on asking important questions. The students and the teacher will then categorize the questions according to the criteria for each. 2000-2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Original URL http//www. teachervision. fen. com/lesson-plan/reading-comprehension/48698. hypertext markup language Asking Questions When Reading Grade Levels 4 8 Lesson Summary.Generating questions plays a key role in the process of learning how to read, and then again in learning how to read better. There are so many question that students may have about the text that they encounter questions about the authors style or purpose, questions about new vocabulary, questions about what might happen, etc. Students need to first begin to feel comfortable asking questions, then learn to ask the vital questions that will direct their focus and clear up confusion. In this lesson, the teac her will read The Wall by Eve Bunting with the purpose of focusing on asking important questions.The students and the teacher will then categorize the questions according to the criteria for each. Materials When you read the story beforehand of time, write any questions that pop into your head on post-it notes and have them available. Provide large pieces of paper and post-its for students, and resolve enough copies of the book The Wall for partners. Provide a piece of paper for each group of quadruplet students. Prepare a piece of chart paper titled QUESTIONS with different columns of categories Questions that are answered in the text Questions that I have to make an inference to answer Questions that are not important to understanding the story.Questions that require research to answer Questions about the authors style Questions that clear up confusion Objectives Students will ask questions before, during, and after reading. Students will categorize important vs. interesting qu estions with a focus on important questions. role Explain that good readers ask questions before, during, and after reading to help them understand a story better. Today, were going to focus on asking questions. Present the book The Wall to the students and say, I will read the title, and the back cover and look at the parables and think of as many questions as I can.These are the questions that I have before reading. Read your prepared post-it notes to the students. Read the story to the baberen and think aloud, asking questions while reading. Stress that these are the questions you have during reading. Read your prepared post-it notes to the students. When you have finished reading the story, ask questions that pop into your head and try that these are the questions that you have after reading. Read your prepared post-it notes to the students. steer your questions on post-its, think aloud, and categorize them in the appropriate column according to the type of question that you asked.The students partner-read and use post-its on pages where they have a question. Have partners narrow their questions down to twain questions. Then have the partners share their questions with another paired group. The groups of four students ask one of their questions and write it on a larger piece of paper. Gather all students and have them share their questions. With help from the class, have students categorize their questions. Discuss the questions that are important vs. interesting, and have students focus on the important questions. 2000-2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved. Original URL http//www. teachervision. fen. com/lesson-plan/reading-comprehension/48697. html Asking Pre-Reading Questions Grade Levels 3 5 Lesson Summary This is a language arts lesson for students in grades 3-5. Students will learn about asking questions before reading and will make predictions based on the discussion of the questions. Students should be able to differentiate bet ween a question and a statement, generate questions, and work in cooperative, heterogeneous groups. Objectives Students will brainstorm prior knowledge about the topic of a textStudents will make predictions about the text by asking sound before reading questions in order to improve our reading comprehension. Key Understandings Asking and discussing questions will improve our comprehension of the text. Good readers ask questions before they read. Materials Two narrative texts Pre-reading Show Rubric Pledge Procedure Select two narrative texts, one will be used to demonstrate the before reading questioning strategy, the other will be used for guided practice. It may be easier to choose two texts by the same author or two texts of the same music music genre.Discuss the ways in which a pre- blue show and asking questions before, during, and after reading are similar. Good readers are like sports casters. Just as sports casters discuss the sports event before, during, and after the game , good readers ask and discuss questions before, during, and after reading. This improves comprehension, or understanding, of the text. You may say something such as, Who has watched a football, basketball, or baseball game on television? Sports casters help us understand the game by discussing it. They discuss the game with us before the game, during the game and after the game.Before the game, in that location is a pre-game analysis. That means that the announcer gives us background information about the game, teams, players, and coaches. This information can be used to make predictions about the military issue of the game. During the game, the announcers provide play-by-play coverage. They discuss important or controversial plays to help us understand whats going on in the game and to explain how certain plays may affect the answer of the game. They even provide replays of the most important events of the game to make sure we remember them.Finally, after the game, announcers interview the coaches and players to get different perspectives about how the game was compete. They review the highlights of the game, confirm or disprove their predictions, and discuss the implications of the outcome of the game. Tell students they are going to focus on asking questions before they begin reading a text. If possible, show a video clip of a pre-game sports cast. Use the analogy of a pre-game show and before reading questions to help students ask effective before reading questions. As you generate questions for each topic. occur some time wondering about the answers and making predictions about the book. Write your predictions about the book in a separate column. Identify a purpose for reading the text. Narrative = for literary experience/ employment Expository = for information Functional = to perform a task/follow directions. Examine the cover illustration and read the title, modeling how to ask questions. Write the questions on chart paper or on an overhead proj ector. Look at the author and model how to generate questions. Activate background knowledge by winning a picture walk with students.Cover the print with sticky notes, and think aloud as you model how to generate questions, make predictions, and build vocabulary by carefully examining and discussing the illustrations in the text. Ask questions about the setting, characters, events, and genre of the book. Pre-Game Show Questions Before Reading Predictions Team A vs. Team B What teams are playing? What do we know about these teams? Where are they from? Have we ever seen either team play? In your opinion, are they skilled? Is one team better than the other? Title of Story/Cover What topic might this story be about?What do we already know about this topic? Have we read any other books about this topic? Do we have any experience related to this topic? Where and when did we have the experience? Coach Who is the coach? What do we know about the coach? What teams has he/she coached in the past? What is his/her coaching style? Author Who is the author? Who is the illustrator? What books have he/she written or illustrated in the past? Can we describe the style of the author/illustrator? Have I ever read other texts by this author? If so, what do I remember about those texts? Stadium Where is the game being played?Who has the home field advantage? What are the current weather conditions? How will the weather conditions affect the game? Setting Where and when does the story take adjust? Is the place/time familiar or unfamiliar to us? Have we read any other stories with a similar setting? Players Who are the key players? What positions do they play? What are their skills? Characters Who are the main characters? What role might they play in the story? Can we predict some of their character traits by examining the illustrations? Plays What plays are the coaches likely to run?Events What events may take place in this story? Rules/Principles of Game What are the rules of the game? What are winning strategies? Genre of Text What genre of story is this? (fairytale, folktale) Have we read other stories of the same genre? What are the characteristics of this genre? Tell students that the class will read the story together tomorrow, and learn to ask new questions while they are reading to help understand the story. Guided practice Give students the opportunity to practice writing and discussing some before reading questions for a new story.Place students in 6 groups and have each group translate or role play a pre-reading show for the new book, just as sports casters broadcast a pre-game show. 1. title/cover 2. author/illustrator 3. setting 4. characters 5. events 6. genre of literature Select student leaders to guide each groups through the process of examining the cover of the new story and taking a picture walk. set aside groups to discuss their topic. Students should generate two of their own before reading questions on their topic, and then share the ir questions and provide feedback to each other.Have groups include information from their prior knowledge and personal experience as they discuss the before reading questions, and have them discuss the possible answers and make predictions about the book. After each student has had the opportunity to formulate and write two questions, jigsaw the groups to form TV crews for a pre-reading show. Each TV crew should have six students, one student from each group, 1-6. Review the parts of the rubric. Provide a time limit for each TV show, and tell students that each show should include an introduction of the members of the TV crew slogan, jingle, or musica discussion of their prior knowledge about the topic a discussion of each members questions predictions about the book from each member Give groups the opportunity to practice asking and discussing their questions before role playing or videotaping their show. If time permits, allow students to make larger visual back up to display du ring the discussion. Microphones can be made quickly from rolling paper into tubes. Sharing Ideas Distribute rubrics to the class. lay off students to score each TV crew as they present. self-governing Practice Have students think of a junior child that they will spend time with this week.Have them think of a book that they can read to the child. Have students use some of the before reading questioning strategies they learned to help the younger child understand the story. Students can use this questions framework worksheet to help them with questions to ask before reading, and help the child make predictions. The worksheet reminds students to ask questions about the title and cover, author and illustrator, setting, characters, events and genre. Assessment Each group will be assessed using the scores from the presentation rubric, scored by their peers and teacher. 2000-2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Running Records scallywag Description A caterpillar track re cord is a way to assess a students reading progress by systematically evaluating a students oral reading and identifying error patterns. This template will help you track your students oral reading accuracy. Take advantages from kids that love harry potter go for Covers from Around the World Harry Potter and the prisoner of Azkaban Page Description Enjoy comparing and contrasting colorful cover art for J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban with this printable handout.Discuss the differences in interpretations from around the world with your students. Grade Levels 2 7 Analyzing a Book Character Page Description This chart of questions will help students analyze the cover art of a book. Use this worksheet when talking about the different cover art on each international edition of the Harry Potter books. Grade Levels 3 8 Literacy Glossary Page 1 of 2 trueness post This is the rate, shown as a percent, at which students accurately read the text. Concept Map A imag e map is a type of graphic organizer which allows students to consider relationships among various concepts.Often students are further to draw arrows between related concepts enclosed in oval or other shapes. Error Rate This is a ratio of errors to dustup in the text. articulateness The rate and accuracy with which a person reads. Fluency results from practicing reading skills often and with a high rate of success. Formative Assessment These tests are ongoing and based on the curriculum, providing a way to monitor student progress. They can be used to place students in groups, based on instructional needs. Frustrational Level This is the level at which students are unable to read with seemly comprehension.Genre A genre is a particular type of literature, such as narratives, poetry, dramas, or fables. Independent Level This is the level at which students can read without assistance. Materials at this level should be chosen for independent reading, or fluency practice. Independent Reading Inventories An informal formative assessment that provides graded word lists and passages designed to assess the oral reading and listening comprehension. Insertion In a running record or informal reading inventory, this is a miscue in which students add another word when reading printed text.For example, if the objurgate is The dog played, the student reads The happy dog played. Instructional Level This is the level at which students can read with assistance from the teacher. Materials at this level should be chosen for reading instruction. Metacognition This is thinking about ones own thinking, or being aware of ones own learning. When students are aware of how they think and learn, they can be taught to regulate their thought and learning processes. Omission In a running record or informal reading inventory, this is a miscue in which students do not read a word or words in the printed text.For example, if the sentence is The sky was bright blue, the student reads The s ky was blue. Onset The part of a syllable that comes before the vowel of a syllable. The onset of the word box is /b/. Phoneme the smallest unit of sound. It distinguishes one word from another (e. g. , man and fan are distinguished by the initial phoneme). Phonemic Awareness This is a type of phonological awareness that involves the awareness and manipulation of individual sounds. Phonological Awareness The auditory awareness of sounds, words, and sentences.The understanding that patois is composed of sentences made up of words. Words are comprised of syllables, and syllables are comprised of phonemes. Qualitative Data Qualitative data consist of verbal or graphic descriptions of behavior and experience resulting from processes of observation, interpretation, and analysis. It is often comprehensive, holistic, and expansive. Qualitative Tools These are tools that nonplus qualitative data consisting of verbal or graphic descriptions of behavior and experience resulting from proc esses of observation, interpretation, and analysis. denary Data Quantitative data consist of information represented in the form of numbers that can be study by means of descriptive or inferential statistics. It is often precise and narrow data. Reading Conferences Conferences conducted by teachers during independent reading time provide an opportunity to meet with a student to assess progress, to note reading strategies that are being used, monitor books being read, and to provide guidance in developing reading strategies. Rime The part of a syllable that consists of its vowel and any consonant sounds that come after it. The rime of the word box is /ox/.Scaffolding A scaffold is a supporting framework. Scaffolded learning is a dogma strategy that helps support students in their learning when they may have difficulties. A goal of scaffolded learning is to have students use a particular strategy independently. Screening Tests These tests provide information that serves as a baselin e. They are usually given to determine the appropriate starting place for instruction. Self-Correction In a running record or informal reading inventory, this is a miscue in which students do not read a word or words correctly, but return to the text and read the word or words correctly.Self-Correction Rate This is the ratio of self-corrections to errors when reading the text. Sound-Print Connection Understanding the relationship between print and sound. Substitution In a running record or informal reading inventory, this is a miscue in which students switch over the printed word with another word. For example, if the sentence is She said, No, the student reads She shouted, No. Summative Assessment These tests are usually given at the end of a unit or at the end of the year. They assess a students strengths and weaknesses over a period of time.