Does Travel Really Broaden the Mind?

Question: Travel is often said to influence travelers by making them more open to other cultures and new ideas. Does travel really broaden the mind? What are some other effects of extended period of travel? Nowadays, travelling has become a lifestyle for people, and it is expanding fast. In a hectic schedule, people are trying to have vacation by travelling. Reasons why people choose travel are because people want to discover new things, have recreation far from the hectic schedule. A lot of motives also affect people to travel.Usually they want to explore, discover, and relaxing. Some say to broaden the mind, but some say it is only a waste of time and money. The advantages of travelling give us cause and effect. People said that travelling influence travelers to have different perspective, different point of view. When we are going on a trip, the culture of the destination creates a new perspective and a new way of living our life. People also tend to copy their surroundings, which is why I can say that travelling also make us have a new good attitude.The effect of these 2 advantages that I stated is our behavior, which can affect other people as well. Next, we discuss about the disadvantages of travel and the negative effects of travelling. Dangerous thing can happen during travel. The safety of the transportation is one of the dangerous things that could happen. Diseases issues are also one of the reasons why travelling can be such if a danger (Travel exposes, 2009, p. Online). For example, when swine flu disease attacked that time, people were scared to travel and they always used mask.The other reason is some people had a perspective that people won’t always need physical travel only to broaden the mind, because the idea expanding the mind can be obtained through having a smart conversation, read books, et cetera (The previous, 2009, p. Online). The last reason is because of other country’s problem. The conflict of a travelling destination i s not what people expect on a vacation. The examples are: policy problem, religion conflict, government issues, et cetera (Does travel p. Online).So there are 2 opinions that are acceptable, but it has not answer the question. Does travel really broaden the mind? People’s opinions does matter, but I can say that it does broaden our mind. The journey itself has given us a new experience in our life. We try new things; we learn new things, et cetera. Reading books does help us broaden the mind, but wouldn’t it be great to experience it ourselves and learn it in our own ways? Mark twain once said â€Å"Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow – mindedness. † That is why it affects our perspective.Reaching the conclusion of the essay, we know that through travel people learning and adapting to the culture and diversity of mankind. We also find out that some people won’t always need travel to a new area for broadening the mind. For me, travellin g is a mind broadening and also an experience that can teach us the way we behave. So, the conclusion is travel does broaden the mind but if we spent all of hour time just to keep â€Å"broaden our mind’ it’s not wise as well. In life itself, balancing things are also needed.So to end this essay I can state that the answer is a yes, but it all comes back to the reader: what do you see? References Debate topic – travels broaden the mind (2009), E-notes [online]. Available at: http://www. enotes. com/ref/discuss/debate-topic-travel-broadens-mind-58037 [Accessed 12 January 2012] Does travel really broaden our mind, Correct My Text [online]. Available at: http://www. correctmytext. com/text/139/page1 [Accessed 12 January 2012] Does Travel Really Broaden The Mind? (2009), Running in Heels [online]. Available at: http://runninginheels. co. k/articles/does-travel-really-broaden-the-mind/Travel. (2011), Travellers Backpack [online]. Available at: http://travellersbackp ack. blogspot. com/ [Accessed 16 January 2012] Travel Broadens The Mind (2002), Krenny [online]. Available at: http://www. kreny. com/paper/2/morren/travelbroadensthemind. html [Accessed 12 January 2012] Travel & Tourism: Proof that travel really can broaden the mind (1998), The Independent. Available at: http://www. independent. co. uk/news/education/education-news/travel–tourism-proof-that-travel-really-can-broaden-the-mind-1159877. html [Accessed 12 January 2012]

Questions and Issues of Affirmative Action

Question at Issue Affirmative action was implemented with the idea and hope that America would finally become truly equal. The tension of the 1960's civil rights movement had made it very clear, that the nation's minority and female population were not receiving equal social and economic opportunity. The implementation of affirmative action was America's first honest attempt at solving a problem, it had previously chose to ignore. However, there are many people that don't see affirmative action as a positive solution to this major societal problem of racial inequality. These people feel that Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination in the workplace. The Enthymeme Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination because Affirmative action makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility to choose simply the best employee. A= Affirmative action v1= uses B= reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination Because A= Affirmative action v2= makes C= employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility to choose the best available employee. Assumption: Anything that makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having to simply choosing the best available employee uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. Assumption and Audience The assumption for this paper will appeal to employees who do not qualify for Affirmative action, as well as employers and minorities. Employees not qualifying for Affirmative action feel shortchanged due to the fact employers, for a lesser skilled employee, bypassed them. They feel tricked by the government or the minority therefore firing up racism among the bypassed group, while Affirmative action was introduced to decrease racism. Employers also feel as if they have ended up with a lesser skilled employee therefore increasing the amount of lesser quality work. Employees provided with equal opportunity jobs bear the mark of â€Å"not being the best pick, but only the best pick from a limited group. † Organization Question at Issue: Does Affirmative action use reverse discrimination to solve discrimination? Definition of A: Affirmative action is an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities for members minority groups and women. A -* C Relationship: Affirmative action causes federal contractors/employers to choose from the best available employee from the minorities instead of choosing the best available employee from the whole Definition of B: Reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination is using discerning treatment against a white male or female instead of a black male or female to solve a problem of racial inequality. A -* B Relationship: Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. Definition of C: Employers ability to choose the best available employee from the whole instead of a select minority is the outcome of affirmative action. It insures that minorities are recruited to have real opportunities to be hired in the workplace. C -* B Relationship: By employers having to choose from the best of a minority group for employment rather than just simply the best employee, reverse discrimination is used to solve the problem of discrimination. This is due to the fact that unequal opportunity is given to the minority. This argument would be represented in an editorial form due to its appeal to the common everyday man trying to make an honest living. Affirmative Action Animosity Affirmative action is the U. S. program set forth in the early 1970's to correct the effects of past discrimination by giving preferential treatment to women and ethnic minorities in the workplace. At the time of affirmative action's induction to society, proponents of affirmative action programs felt that the only way to increase the number of minorities in the workplace was to establish a system of quotas to be maintained by law. However, by forming and maintaining these laws over the past twenty-five years, a development of an entirely new set of problems arose; problems that would fuel controversy over affirmative action. A majority of people are dissatisfied with current affirmative action policies, but are opposed to eliminating them completely: â€Å"Americans hold doggedly to notions of family and liberty, but they also believe in a sort of rough equality of opportunity that gives the underdog a real chance in life† (Kahlenberg 209). Once necessary, affirmative action programs have outlived their usefulness, and promote discrimination by continuing to allow for unfair hiring practices. Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination because it makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility of simply choosing the best available employee. The primary goal of affirmative action programs was to increase the number of minorities, including women, in the workplace. The American Association for Affirmative Action states that they are â€Å"dedicated to the advancement of affirmative action, equal opportunity and the elimination of discrimination on the basis of race, gender, ethnic background or any other criterion that deprives people of opportunities to live and work,† (AAAA Sept. 1998). Most people would agree that goal has been realized. There was a definite need for action to enlighten individuals and corporations to the negative results of their prejudices. It is unlikely that corporations would have taken the initiative to hire from the minority groups had it not been for government intervention. Affirmative action has created numerous opportunities for women and minorities in this country. It would be difficult to argue that these programs were not absolutely essential in making progress toward the semi-equality that we have today. However, affirmative action has always been a compromise, and with the progress made, a price has also been paid. Affirmative action must now be rethought and restructured. Laws created preference programs that â€Å"were based in the conscience of the American people and in their commitment to equal treatment,†(Roberts & Statton 67). The racial quotas that we experience today are blatant perversions that are illegal under the statutory language of the Civil Rights Act† (Roberts & Stratton 67). If the goal is true equal opportunity employment, removal of all advantages and allowing people to be hired for their skills and abilities only should occur. Continuing to allow for unfair hiring practices, affirmative action programs promote discrimination. Using reverse discrimination, defined as the discerning treatment against white males instead of black males or women of any race, to solve the problem of discrimination will always receive criticism for its hypocrisy. For example, in 1965, the Newport News Shipbuilding Co. buckled under the heavy hand of the EEOC, who had solicited complaints by knocking on the doors in black neighborhoods. The company reluctantly agreed to promote 2,890 of its five thousand black workers, designating 100 blacks as supervisors, and agreed to a quota system. One shipyard worker stated that the EEOC had done its best to â€Å"set black against white, labor against management, and disconcert everybody. † (Roberts & Stratton 93). Another example of this reverse discrimination was in the education system; the public case of Cheryl J. Hopwood, Douglas W. Carvell, Kenneth R. Elliott, and David A. Rogers. They filed discrimination charges again the State of Texas stating they were discriminated against and denied admission to the University of Texas School of Law. The college granted admission to less qualified African American and Mexican American applicants through the use of a quota system. This practice of preferential admissions for minorities furthers the practice of reverse discrimination, now not just in the workplace, but also in the school systems. This creates animosities between workers that lead to further segregation, defeating the intentions of the programs entirely. Through the demise of race-dividing policies, underrepresented individuals shielded by affirmative action would be forced to compete, on a level playing field, for jobs and admission to colleges and universities. Competition has nothing but positive effects and is crucial in accelerating capitalism. The debilitating effects of affirmative action and quotas hinder an individual's desire to compete in society. Destroying discrimination caused by past offenses may never have perfect solutions, therefore, creating valid arguments for maintaining the existence of equal opportunity programs. But, to continue to offer one group opportunity, due only to their minority status, at the expense of another is wrong. Non-minorities continue to feel that their rights have been violated and that they are being punished for crimes that they had no part in committing. And when non-minorities are subject to the same discrimination, they have little recourse: â€Å"Under the 1991 Civil Rights Act, white males can have no grounds for discrimination lawsuits until they are statistically underrepresented in management and line positions. The 1991 Act, in effect, repealed the 1964 act by legalizing racial preferences as the core of civil rights law† (Roberts & Stratton). Regardless of good intentions, changing the past effects of discrimination is a goal that is far from reach, however, not unattainable. Women and minorities should be entitled to enjoy the same successes as the rest of the country, without the fear of being seen as the beneficiary of entitlements. Business owners should be free to make intelligent hiring decisions based on a persons skills and talents, without the fear of penalty from the government. As Marsha M. tates, â€Å"Affirmative action is used not to level the playing field, but used to strong-arm employer's into jobs, raises and promotions for Black Americans and women. † The growing tensions that result from these programs continues to divide races, not bring them closer together. â€Å"Ultimately, either quotas will go or democracy will, because legal privileges based on status are incompatible with democracy's requirement of equal standing before the law† (Roberts & Stratton 177). Allowing different sets of rules and lower standards to separate people based on race or sex, defeats any efforts made toward finally ending discrimination. Today every American has access to employment and educational opportunities. Americans live in a world of free enterprise where they can create their own successes. Americans have the means to achieve and succeed, they just have to have the drive and incentive to go out into the world and do it. As in every aspect of life some things may not come easily. Yet these experiences make one stronger and sometimes even more determined to achieve their goals. Individuals of any race should not use or misuse the color of their skin or sexual orientation for advancing themselves over others.    These problems are what fuel the controversy over affirmative action. Most people are dissatisfied with current affirmative action policies, but are opposed to eliminating them completely: â€Å"Americans hold doggedly to notions of family and liberty, but they also believe in a sort of rough equality of opportunity that gives the underdog a real chance in life† (Kahlenberg 209). Once a necessary evil, affirmative action programs have outlived their usefulness, and promote discrimination by continuing to allow for unfair hiring practices. The primary goal of affirmative action programs was to increase the number of minorities in the workplace. Most people would agree that that goal has been realized. There was a definite need for action to enlighten individuals and corporations to the negative results of their prejudices. It is unlikely that corporations would have taken the initiative to hire from the minority groups, had it not been for government intervention. Affirmative action has created numerous opportunities for women and minorities in this country. It would be difficult to argue that these programs were not absolutely essential in making progress toward equality that we have made today. The American Association for Affirmative Action states that they are â€Å"dedicated to the advancement of affirmative action, equal opportunity and the elimination of discrimination on the basis of race, gender, ethnic background or any other criterion that deprives people of opportunities to live and work (AAAA Sept. 1998). † However, affirmative action has always been a compromise, and with the progress made, a price has also been paid. Affirmative action must now be rethought and restructured. Laws created the preference programs: â€Å"were based in the conscience of the American people and in their commitment to equal treatment. The racial quotas that we experience today are blatant perversions that are illegal under the statutory language of the Civil Rights Act† (Roberts & Stratton 67). If the goal is true equal opportunity employment, removal of all advantages and allowing people to be hired for their skills and abilities only should occur. By continuing to allow for unfair hiring practices, affirmative action programs promote discrimination. Using reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination will always receive criticism for its hypocrisy. By requiring corporations to fulfill quotas, the affirmative action laws promote the hiring of less qualified workers. For example, in 1965, the Newport News Shipbuilding Co. buckled under the heavy hand of the EEOC, who had solicited complaints by knocking on the doors in black neighborhoods. The company reluctantly agreed to promote 2,890 of its five thousand black workers, designating 100 blacks as supervisors, and agreed to a quota system. One shipyard worker stated that the EEOC had done its best to â€Å"set black against white, labor against management, and disconcert everybody. † (Roberts & Stratton 93). This creates animosities between workers that lead to further segregation, defeating the intentions of the programs entirely. Another example of this â€Å"reverse discrimination† was in the education system; the public case of Cheryl J. Hopwood, Douglas W. Carvell, Kenneth R. Elliott, and David A. Rogers. They filed discrimination charges again the State of Texas stating they were discriminated against and denied admission to the University of Texas School of Law. The college granted admission to less qualified African American and Mexican American applicants through the use of a quota system. This practice of preferential admissions for minorities furthers the practice of reverse discrimination, now not just in the workplace, but also in the school systems. Affirmative action has never been a perfect solution and people will always have valid arguments for maintaining its existence. But, to continue to offer one group opportunity, due only to their minority status, at the expense of another is wrong. Non-minorities continue to feel that their rights have been violated and that they are being punished for crimes that they had no part in committing. And when non-minorities are subject to the same discrimination, they have little recourse: â€Å"Under the 1991 Civil Rights Act, white males can have no grounds for discrimination lawsuits until they are statistically underrepresented in management and line positions. The 1991 Act, in effect, repealed the 1964 act by legalizing racial preferences as the core of civil rights law† (Roberts & Stratton). Regardless of good intentions, changing the past effects of discrimination is an unattainable goal. Women and minorities should be entitled to enjoy the same successes as the rest of the country, without the fear of being seen as the beneficiary of entitlements. Business owners should be free to make intelligent hiring decisions based on a persons skills and talents, without the fear of penalty from the government. As Marsha M. states, â€Å"Affirmative action is used not to level the playing field, but used to strong-arm employer's into jobs, raises and promotions for Black Americans and women†. The growing tensions that result from these programs continues to divide races, not bring them closer together. Allowing different sets of rules and lower Standards to separate people based on race or sex, defeats any efforts made toward finally ending discrimination. â€Å"Ultimately, either quotas will go or democracy will, because legal privileges based on status are incompatible with democracy's requirement of equal standing before the law† (Roberts & Stratton 177). Today every American has access to employment and educational opportunities. Americans live in a world of free enterprise where they can create their own successes. Americans have the means to achieve and succeed, they just have to have the drive and incentive to go out into the world and do it. As in every aspect of life some things may not come easily. Yet these experiences make one stronger and sometimes even more determined to achieve their goals. Individuals of any race should not use or misuse the color of their skin or sexual orientation for advancing themselves over others. Instead by using their talents, knowledge and sense of fairness to achieve their goals, affirmative action will become outdated.

Bats Essay Research Paper BatsINTRODUCTIONThere are an

Bats Essay, Research Paper Bats Introduction There are an countless sum of carnal species in the universe. They all hold adapted and evolved to last in their milieus. Some have grown fives, others legs, and still others wings. One of the animate beings that has grown wings is the chiropteran. The chiropteran is a genuinely great animal. It has all the features of mammals while besides possessing the accomplishment in flight of a bird. There are more than 800 species of chiropterans in the universe. They are of many different sizes, forms, and life styles. They live all over the universe and have drawn the wonder of 1000000s. Bats besides have the alone quality of echo sounding that it uses to catch insects. Though other mammals, like the winging squirrel seem to wing but really glide the chiropteran is the lone mammal that can truly fly ( Lauber 1 ) . A Bat? s Body Due to the great assortment of species of chiropterans some features vary greatly but the Little Brown Bat is a good illustration of a chiropteran. It has fur on its organic structure, big bare ears, its rear legs have claws, it has a tail membrane, and it has the most distinguishing characteristic of a chiropteran, wings ( Lauber 9 ) . The upper arm of the chiropteran is short while the forearm is really long. The carpus is really little and from it comes the pollex and the four longer fingers. The pollex is short and used for mounting or walking. The fingers are long and thin. Interlocking the fingers is the wing. This set up of holding the fingers in the flying gives the chiropteran astonishing flight manoeuvrability ( Honders 22 ) . These castanetss expression similar to a human manus. They are connected by rubbery tegument to the chiropteran # 8217 ; s organic structure enfolding all the fingers but the pollex ( Bats in CT 1 ) . Echolocation Bats have a # 8220 ; 6th sense # 8221 ; called echo sounding. This was foremost proved by Donald Griffin. Bats produce supersonic sound moving ridges and so utilize the reverberation of the returning sound to feel the universe around them and in peculiarly to catch insects. These sounds are normally out of the worlds range of hearing ( Fellman 42 ) . This system is similar to that of mahimahis. The sound is in the signifier of chinks that increase as the chiropteran gets closer to the insect or whatever it is tracking ( Bats in CT ) . Unlike worlds most insects can hear the chiropteran # 8217 ; s echo sounding sounds. David D. Yager of the University of Maryland has found that the praying mantid has used this to its advantage. When being pursued by a chiropteran the mantid can hear the chinks of the chiropteran behind it and to avoid being eaten goes into a series of evasive manoeuvres. First they extend their bow limbs and so widen their venters that stops them. Then they go into a honkytonk traveling twice their usual velocity and if still being pursued will crash into the land to avoid being eaten. This and other insects besides use hearing to their advantage ( Amato 781 ) . Moths besides do astonishing manoeuvres in efforts of flight similar to the mantid. Tiger moths even make their ain supersonic chinks. It is non known whether these are to galvanize the chiropteran or to warn it that the moth is unsavory. Despite the insects great attempts to foil the chiropteran? s sonar the chiropteran still gimmicks its quarry more than 50 % of the clip ( Fellman 93 ) . Some chiropterans even have different frequences than insects can hear. The competition between insects and chiropterans will travel on everlastingly because they will counter each others counter steps of how an animate being can germinate to how astonishing abilities. Bats have evolved to wing, utilize echo sounding, hibernate, slumber in the twenty-four hours, bent by their pess, and many other things that single species have developed. Some big chiropterans, called fruit bats, are even thought by some scientists to be closely related to Primatess because of their similar encephalon tissue. Bats are extremely evolved animate beings that hold astonishing features. ( Edward gibbons 1992, Bailey et Al. 1992 ) HIBERNATION AND MIGRATION The nutrient of chiropteran normally becomes scarce during winter months so some chiropterans hibernate while others migrate ( Honders 75, Bourliere 95 ) . When chiropterans migrate they normally move from the South to far north during the summer and they return during the autumn. Bats that hibernate prepare for the winter by acquiring fat in fall. Then they fall into a slumber more utmost than their normal day-to-day slumber. As in most animate beings, when hole uping their major bodily maps, such as heart-rate and external respiration, are suppressed greatly. Bats are known to disrupt their hibernation because they have been seen in the winter. Disturbing chiropterans during hibernation can be really destructive ( Pistorius 94 ) . This is because the chiropterans have a limited supply of energy. The energy used when the chiropteran is awake is immense compared to that when it is hole uping. Bats arise on juncture anyhow to prepare, or sometimes take a flight exterior, and even to travel to colder topographic points, where they can last with lower metamorphosis and salvage energy. Repeated waking ups can ensue in famishment in the late winter from deficiency of energy shops. In an utmost instance in Kentucky, during the 1960? s where a cave was a tourer attractive force, the population of 100,000 chiropterans starved to decease after being awakened so many times. Reproduction Bats have internal fertilisation and give birth to extremely full-blown immature like worlds ( Lauber, Honders 75, Ezzel 92 ) . Most chiropterans merely have one babe a twelvemonth. The chiropterans mate in the roost and hold small or no wooing. The pregnant female parents form separate nursing settlements from the others. Some species like the Mexican free-tailed chiropteran, who migrate instantly after copulating, produce a secernment that preserves the male? s sperm until they reach their new roost. When their babe is being born the female parent bents by her pollexs to a tree subdivision. Its tail membrane acts as a cradle and the babe is born into it tail foremost. Then the female parent bents by one wing and cleans the babe with the other. IT is so attached to the female parent? s nipple where it will keep on during flight. In some species the babe is left at the roost when the female parent is runing, in others the babe is taken along. In the species that carry their immature finally the babe grows to large for the female parent and is left in the roost. The chiropteran so learns to fly and Hunt its quarry by itself ( Lauber ) . SPECIALIZED BATS Some chiropterans have developed particular ways of accommodating to their milieus. Though most chiropterans eat insects some provender on fruit, nectar, little craniates, fish, and blood ( Bourliere 95 ) . The chiropterans that eat fruit aid scatter seeds by eating fruit and so dropping the seeds in their dungs during flight. Those that imbibe nectar act like hummingbirds pollenating flowers ( Warning from Bat Conservation International 91 ) . Bats that eat little craniates along with insects and fruit are frequently called false lamias. These chiropterans eat lizards, tree toads, birds, gnawers, and smaller chiropterans. They kill their quarry by utilizing thier strong jaws and dentitions to interrupt their cervix. These chiropterans have merely about a two pes wingspreads so thier prey tends to be little. Bats that catch fish fly merely above the H2O and catch the fish with its hind pess and utilize its crisp claws to keep it. It so maneuvers the fish to kill it by seize with teething it ( Novick 73 ) . The most celebrated of chiropterans is likely the lamia. The lamia chiropteran drinks the blood of big craniates, to make this they have developed big incisors, a specialised lingua, and specialized spit to forestall blood from coagulating, and they are able to travel rapidly on the land in the instance of its quarry waking up and it is excessively full to wing off ( Honders 75 ) .

UnitedHealth Group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UnitedHealth Group - Assignment Example The paper tells that through its sub-branches, the UnitedHealth group serves about 70 million individuals across the United States. In 2011, the company had net earnings of $5.142billion. UnitedHealth Group is the mother of United Healthcare founded in 1977 as unites healthcare cooperation. The firm has two foundations, namely, the United Healthcare Children Foundation and the United Healthcare Foundation that were announced in 1999. The foundations are heavily involved in providing information that helps in decision-making within the US that promote better health outcomes and healthy populations, like in their partnership with the America’s Health Rankings. In addition, the foundations are involved in supporting activities that sponsor quality health care for the less fortunate through collaborations with other counterpart organizations. United Healthcare, through its human resource department, maintains a sustainable working environment. The department, through collaboration s with outside occupational health service providers, conducts an annual assessment of the workforce management activities. The United Healthcare foundations, through their human resource department, conduct research on workers’ welfare, patient facilities, and conducts workforce analyses. The firm analyzes its databases, and the physician supply and demand models to understand current issues and forecast future possible outcomes ascribed to the delivery of healthcare.

Buckingham palace (London) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Buckingham palace (London) - Essay Example designed by John Nash and Edward Blore but later structural and other changes were incorporated in the original design to accommodate the changing needs and tastes of the ruling monarch. The site that is considered the Buckingham Palace today was in the beginning three sites: Buckingham Gardens, Goring House and Arlington House. As the need for more space was required according to the lifestyle of the Dukes and rulers, the surrounding sites were added to the original Buckingham Gardens. Buckingham Palace began as Buckingham House when John Sheffield, the first Duke of Buckingham built the house in 1702. The Palace as one sees it today was quite different from the one that was originally created. The original house was constructed from red bricks but later the entire faà §ade was replaced by Portland Stone. In 1762, George III bought the house for his Queen, Queen Charlotte as her private residence. The house became to be known as the Queen’s House at that time and many court functions took place in the house at that time. George III wanted to remodel the house to suit the needs of the expanding family but did not get the time. When George III was succeeded by George IV, the new king decided to make changes in the house. Later, under the sanction of the government, George IV ordered a structural renovation of the house by architect, John Nash. George IV wanted to make the place into a palace to suit his own lifestyle. He wanted to make Buckingham House into a Palace and change his primary residence from Carlton House to the Buckingham Palace. The idea of the renovation was to make the place a theatrical showplace for the victories and accomplishments of the English rulers. This included a marble arch to commemorate the victories of Waterloo and Trafalgar. George IV made extensive investment in the palace when he bought furniture from France during the French Revolution. George IV was inspired by the French neo-classical design and thus tried to incorporate it

Alternative Fuels for the Automobiles of Tomorrow Essay

Alternative Fuels for the Automobiles of Tomorrow - Essay Example Infact this sight serves as a resource sight for many private websites pertaining to the topic under consideration. This is a US government Department of Energy website that contains a plethora of information related to energy efficiency, alternative fuels and futuristic and hybrid vehicles. Being a US government managed website, it is high in credibility and veracity. This site is rich in informative articles, news reports and advanced search options. All the information furnished on this website is unbiased and professionally scientific in its approach. This website is updated on a regular basis and conforms to the currency of the issue being considered. The information provided by this website agrees with the data provided by other such scientific and policy related sites. This is a technical report published by Air & Waste Management Association of Canada. The experts associated with compilation of this report hail from prestigious academic and government institutions like the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto and US Environmental Protection Agency. This report compares the life cycles of the latest alternative fuels and their environmental impact. Going by the esteem and reputation of the experts and institutions involved in the compilation of this report, it is highly credible and authentic in its credentials. This a government website designed specifically from the students' perspective and contains informa

Summarize and analyze, from a rhetorical perspective, the documentary Essay

Summarize and analyze, from a rhetorical perspective, the documentary film Parrot Confidential - Essay Example He was able to survive the ordeal thanks to a neighbor who called Animal Control. Lou found a new home in a sanctuary called Foster Parrots. In another scene, Allison highlights the life of another rescue called Fagan. Before his arrival at the Feathered Friends of Michigan sanctuary, Fagan lived in a stressful home. The heightened stress levels led to self-mutilation, which entailed plucking feathers from the chest and infliction of a bad wound on the stomach (Argo, 2013). One scene focuses on Boston residents Liz and Russ Hartman who own a yellow-napped Amazon parrot named Basil. After the return of Russ from a long business trip, the couple noticed Basils strange behavior of plucking feathers from his chest area. The self-mutilation alarmed and devastated them as they tried to understand what would drive Basil to expose himself to pain. In another scene, Jamie McLeod shares a similar outlook as the Hartmans. He views parrot rearing as a lifelong commitment. His extensive knowledge emanates from his experiences as a former breeder and those from his current job at the Santa Barbara Bird Sanctuary. McLeods friend Lavanya Michel takes advantage of the day-care services offered by the sanctuary. She brings her Molucaan cockatoo named Dolly to the sanctuary when she needs to attend to many errands (Argo, 2013). It is crucial to note that majority of the breeders featured are currently conservationists. For instance, Phoebe and Harry Linden abandoned their parrot-breeding project in order to provide sanctuary to abandoned birds. In another scene, Marc Johnson and his wife Karen transformed an old poultry farm in Hope Valley into a rescue center for abandoned parrots. Foster Parrots Ltd. is now home to over 500 displaced parrots cared for by a small staff and volunteers (Argo, 2013). Aristotle, a prominent ancient philosopher identified ethos, logos and pathos as the key elements of persuasion. Ethos centers on establishing an

Factors that Influence Consumer Behavior Patterns, when Purchasing Essay

Factors that Influence Consumer Behavior Patterns, when Purchasing Fashion Items - Essay Example This study reveals a number of factors that do influence the consumer behavior when making the buying decision for fashion goods. There are a number of factors that have such influence. Culture is one of those factors. There is a number of such factors such as the subculture, the stage of life, age demographics, the personality and perception and so on. This research will identify those factors and exploring their impact on the buying decision of the consumers for fashion goods. Cultural influences are powerful ones and if a company does not understand the culture in which a particular market operates, it cannot hope to develop products and market them successfully in that market. Culture affects consumer behavior in a variety of ways. It relates to customs and beliefs that are learned from the society in which an individual grows up. Culture is a huge area of study that often has unclear boundaries and fluctuates in degree of influencing consumers. Cultural elements that influence c onsumer behavior can also be said to be environmental influences. A sub-culture could be defined as a group of individuals whose beliefs, values and behavior differ from that of the predominant culture. ‘Sub-culture plays an important part to marketers because of their influence on brands and types of product and services demanded by their members.’ This culture is rebelling away from long working hours and heavy television watching lifestyle. In this alternative culture the interest and participation of extreme sports has merged with music and clothing.

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Management Accounting - Essay Example The method emphasizes on the total costs incurred and the cost volume profits of the relationship are not considered. As far as the decision provided by the accountant, it is solely based on absorption costing. It is imperative to note that a major part of the costs of the two products are due to fixed overheads and administrative expenses. Moreover, these expenses are incurred even if the production of these two products is dropped. Hence a better costing method has to be adopted to effectively allocate the overheads. The two methods suited for Rothfield Plc are activity based costing and marginal costing. Activity Based Costing: ABC is a modern accounting system in which the expenses and overheads are segregated based on the functions of the organisation, which is followed by allocation of the costs to each of the items in respect to the volume of the activity (Kaplan & Anderson, 2007). The use of ABC costing allows the company to accurately assign the costs for all the activities of each of the product or service (Drury, 2005). Rothfield Plc can allocate the fixed overheads based on the usage of these resources by the various production processes. Marginal Costing or Variable Costing: Marginal Costing provides a clear explanation of the impact of changes in volume of output on the profits and the changes on the profits. There is also a clear differentiation between the fixed and variable costs as well. As explained by Dyson (2007), the fixed costs are never charged to the production and instead the fixed costs are treated as period charges. Hence Rothfield Plc can adopt this method to estimate the potential profits effectively. The total labor hours required to meet the estimated production levels are slightly higher (by 333 hours). Hence, it is evident that some of level of production of either one or some of the products has to be reduced. It is essential that whatever the production combination, the contributions from the sales are significant

Renewable Sources Of Energy Essay Example for Free

Renewable Sources Of Energy Essay During the 1970s, energy conservation was a popular idea—the energy â€Å"crisis† forced governments to encourage the public to use energy wisely, to become less wasteful and to think about energy consumption. Government programs emerged, research into alternative energy sources was financed and individuals tried to make a difference. This will look at the advantages of renewable energies rather than what has been submitted so far. Introduction The utilization of renewable energy is no longer new to man because a century ago, wood already supplied more than 90 percent of man’s energy needs. However, because of the convenience and low prices of fossil fuels, the use of wood no longer became popular. The consumption from these sources summed up to . 8 quads (quadrillion Btu) in 2007, or about 7 percent of the total energy utilized nationwide. Somehow though, with the immediate crisis over, (even though longer term crises, such as global warming, were becoming more apparent) all that changed in the 1980s. Government spending on alternative energy was slowly eroded, conservation programs started to drop out of sight and, at the same time, spending on massive oil development projects continued to grow. As the 1970s â€Å"crisis† showed, energy consumption is directly related to perceived energy availability and relatively low costs. As long as people believe that they have an endless supply, and as long as they ignore the environment when counting the cost of that energy supply, people are living (albeit comfortably) under a delusion—a delusion that is the direct cause of major environment degradation. Energy Options It is said that more than half of the renewable energy goes to producing electricity. The next one that is used after this is the production of heat and steam that originated for industrial purposes. Therefore, there are also some kinds of renewable fuels that are also used in transportation. When renewable energy is used, the consequence is a reduction on the demand for fossil fuels. It is a fact that unlike the fossil fuels, the non-biomass forms of renewable sources such as geothermal, wind, solar and hydropower do not directly emit greenhouse gases. The production and use of renewable fuels has increasingly been more of use in the past years because of the higher prices for oil and natural gas. There are also several incentives from the State and Federal Government such as the Energy Policy Acts of 2002 and 2005. Thus, the use of the renewable fuels is likely to grow in the next few years, even as people rely on the non-renewable fuels in order to meet most of the energy needs. Renewable energy At present, only a small proportion of the worlds energy needs come from alternative and renewable energy sources. These exist in many forms including Solar Thermal, Photovoltaics, Wind, Hydro, Tidal/Wave and Bioenergy (including Biomass, Biogas and Biofuels). As with fossil fuels the suns energy is the ultimate source of these energies. The dominant presence of non-renewable forms of energy generation, production, and promotion are very disappointing. With the increasing depletion of our non-renewable resources, as well as the growing human population, our levels of consumption, and the pollution that accompanies our increased industrialization, the continuing expansion of our fossil-fuel based economy will ultimately lead us to self destruction (Brown). Utilities and independent power producers are researching ways to expand the use of renewable resources. The two most important benefits of renewable resources are their long-term availability and non-association with global climate change and minimal atmospheric impact (PSC, n. p. ). Energy from the weather is free from nature. If we are able to harness it in increasing quantities to help contribute to the worlds energy needs we can help the environment. One major advantage with the use of renewable energy is sustainable and thus, will never run out. Even more importantly, renewable energy produces little or no waste products such as carbon dioxide or other chemical pollutants. Renewable energy projects can also bring economic benefits to many regional areas, as most projects are located away from large urban centers and suburbs of the capital cities. These economic benefits may be from the increased use of local services as well as tourism (Solarschools. net, n. p. ). The advantages of renewable resources include: Low or no fuel cost (except for some biomass); short lead-times for planning and construction; small, modular plant sizes; reduced environmental effects compared to fossil fuels; non-depletable resource base; potentially more job intensive; favorable public opinion; and distributed generation potential. The implementation of technology to utilize these renewable resources efficiently and their consumption will accomplish three goals critical to human societies achieving sustainability. First, their use will result in the reduction of polluting emissions into the atmosphere, thus improving air quality and limiting the greenhouse effect. Furthermore, the increased use of renewable resources will lessen the overall amount of environmental degradation attributed to the use of nonrenewable resources. Lastly, the use of potential energy sources aids in achieving a sustainable lifestyle because of their long-term usability. Their use adopts a philosophy of utilizing the resources sustained within natural systems rather than consuming those that take thousands of lifetimes to regenerate (Armstrong). The primary long-term benefit of renewable technologies is that once a renewable project has been constructed, and fully depredated, it becomes a permanent and low cost component of a country’s energy system. In effect, the construction of a renewable energy project provides future generations a low cost, energy facility that produces power with little or no environmental degradation (Armstrong). Africa today continues to perform consistently and positively in terms of its economic growth rates. There are reports that the energy supply is now hampering the overall growth prospects of the continent. But what is positive here is the fact that Africa possesses vast renewable and non-renewable energy resources that are unexploited. Evidence of this is the fact that only 7 percent of hydroelectricity and less than 1 percent of the potentials in geothermal energy has been exploited. Thus, the energy challenge can be given solutions because of the available renewable energy resources in Africa. Some questions that need to be addressed along these lines are on the emerging renewable energy market in Africa as well as the effectivity of cost on the renewable energy technologies. It is said that this renewable energy will already be able to meet at least half of Southern Africa’s energy needs at a lower cost than the current ‘business as usual,’ Thus, this will be an combination of coal-based supply options. ’ (Socioligo’s Africa). According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the United States will bury or burn the following materials in the following years: 11. 4 million tons of newsprint, 16. 2 million tons of corrugated cardboard, 10. 8 million tons of glass packaging, 8. 2 million tons of plastic packaging, and 1. 5 million tons of aluminum packaging. If those 48. 1 million tons were recycled instead, the equivalent of 10. 1 billion gallons of gasoline would be saved. That is enough gasoline to power 15. 4 million cars for one year (at 18 mpg and 12,000 miles driven per year). Additionally, the use of recycled materials results in the reduction of water use, water pollution, air pollution, and energy consumption. The federal and state governments can have significant influence on the attractiveness of renewable resources by providing tax advantages for owners of renewable systems (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency). Another company has taken the issue on renewable fuel more seriously. Google has announced that it is poised to develop electricity from the renewable energy sources that will be cheaper than the one that comes from coal. This move known as REC, will focus initially on advanced solar thermal power, wind power technologies, enhanced geothermal systems and other potential breakthrough technologies (Google’s Goal: Renewable Energy Cheaper than Coal, 2007). This will examine the enhanced geothermal systems and other areas. In fact Google is already reaching out to more researches on renewable energy. If Google can do this, then other industries can also follow. For instance, it is worth considering the solar thermal technology which already gives a way by which renewable energy can be cost-competitive (Google’s Goal: Renewable Energy Cheaper than Coal, 2007). Conclusion Energy efficiency, using renewable resources and finding alternative fuels should be the prime agenda of the government, and not the destruction of wilderness for short-term economic gain. This project would provide the long-term solution for the nation’s oil dependence and its economic deficit from oil imports. This would also mitigate countless other environmental problems brought about by the country’s excessive oil use. Money to be spent on extracting a few months worth of oil would be much more beneficial in funding the development of using renewable resources such as hydrogen and biomass. Recommendations The use of renewable resources must be pursued and developed because in doing so, we are helping to create a sustainable environment that will benefit us now and in the future. Using proper management, renewable resources can last indefinitely. It is worthwhile to mention that the state and government incentives evolve from non-renewables to renewable and thus have become economically comparable in terms of price to the current conventional energy sources. APPENDIX I The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption in the Nations Energy Supply, 2007 Source: http://www. eia. doe. gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/renewable. html REFERENCES Armstrong, J. Renewable Energy. The Renewable Energy Policy Manual. OAS. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2009 at: http://www. oas. org/usde/publications/Unit/oea79e/ch05. htm Brown, T. Renewable Resources for the 21st Century†. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2009 at: http://www. arch. wsu. edu/gg/rr-tb. html Google’s Goal: Renewable Energy Cheaper than Coal. (2007). http://www. rushprnews. com/2007/11/27/googles-goal-renewable-energy-cheaper-than-coal/ Renewable Energy Resources. Public Service Commission of Wisconsin. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2009 http://psc. wi. gov/consumer/electric/cnstrenv/renewabl. pdf#search=advantages%20renewable%20resources Renewable Energy. Retrieved January 31, 2009 at: http://www. eia. doe. gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/renewable. html Socioligo’s Africa. Retrieved January 31, 2009 at: http://sociolingo. wordpress. com/category/environment/african-environment/african-power-generation/african-renewable-energy/ Solarschools. net. Advantages and Disadvantages of Renewable Energy. Grassroots Marketing Alliance. 2003. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2009 at: http://www. solarschools. net/ed_resources/renewablecompare. aspx The Living Environment. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2009 at: http://www. project2061. org/publications/sfaa/online/chap5. htm U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Renewable Resources. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2009 at: http://www. commerce. state. il. us/com/recycling/pdf/06_5naturalresources. pdf#search=advantages%20renewable%20resources

Otto Hahn: Biography

Otto Hahn: Biography Otto Hahn By Eli Biedenbender Otto Hahn was a brilliant german chemist, who was regarded as â€Å"the father of nuclear chemistry† for his work in radiochemistry and radioactivity. He also was a great political activist fully against future testing or use of the nuclear weapons. Otto was the son of a prosperous glazier and entrepreneur Glasbau Hahn and his wife Charlotte Hahn. Otto was born in south Germany (Frankfurt am Main) on March 8th 1879. He was the youngest of the family and had three brothers Karl, Heiner and Julius. Ottos started to have an interest in chemistry at the age of 15 but his father wanted him to become an architect, but he ended up going to University of Marburg for chemistry. He began to study chemistry and mineralogy with side interest in philosophy and physics. Later in his college career Otto drops some physics and science related classes in favor of art and philosophy. During his college years he was in a student fraternity which is a forerunner of todays Nibelungia Fraternity an d he graduated with his doctorate in 1901. After graduation Otto does a year of military service and comes back to the university to work as a chemistry leacture assassist with hopes of going into industry, but after two years he moved to London to learn english and do research with Sir WIlliam Ramsay. While with Ramsay, Otto was purifying a crude radium and discovered a new radioactive substance, which he called radiothorium. Excited by his early success and encouraged by Ramsay, he decided to continue with research on radioactivity rather than go into industry. With Ramsay’s support he obtained a post at the University of Berlin. Before taking it up, he decided to spend several months in Montreal with Ernest Rutherford to gain further experience with radioactivity. After returning to Germany, Hahn was joined by Lise Meitner, an Austrian-born physicist, and five years later they moved to the new Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry. There Hahn became head of a small, independent department of radiochemistry. Otto met his wife to be, Edith Junghans, an art student at the Kà ¶nigliche Kunstschule (Royal Academy of Art) in Berlin. The couple married in Ediths native city of Stettin, on 22 March 1913. Sadly World War I started the year after their marriage. REsulting in Hahn have to go to war. Otto was enlisted to a regiment, that was focused on the development of chemical warfare. In the regiment he worked with James Franck and Gustav Hertz, under the direction of Fritz Haber. Otto’s unit created and tested poison gas that was produced for military purposes. In December 1916, Hahn was transferred out of the front lines back to Berlin, where he was able to resume his radiochemical research. After the war, Hahn devoted himself to his work on radioactivity and with Meitner’s help, they were among the first to isolate protactinium-231, an isotope of a recently discovered (at that time) radioactive element protactinium. Otto then devoted the next 12 years of his career to study us efulness of radioactive methods to solve chemical problems. On February 1921, Otto finally published his first report on the discovery of uranium Z (later known as Pa 234 ), the first example of nuclear isomerism, this became a huge principle after Otto’s time when nuclear physics started getting more attention. In 1934 Hahn found the work of Enrico Fermi, which found that when the heaviest natural element, uranium, is hit by neutrons, several radioactive â€Å"daughter† molecules are created. Fermi’s results stated that artificial elements were formed that were comparable uranium. Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann repeated Fermi’s experiment and obtained results that were comparable with Fermi’s results but as the team did more trails, the data got worse. The Hahn group did discover that multiple isotopes of four elements resulted from the fission of uranium and that those elements had atomic numbers of 93 through 96.This was later was found to be wron g. Hahn’s group was the first scientists to calculate the half-life of U 239 which also proved chemically that it is an isotope of U. They were unable to identify the decay product of 239 U and continue this work to its fruition. The decay product is neptunium but this task was completed later by Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson. In the year 1938 Meitner fled Germany to escape the persecution of the Jews, but Hahn and Strassmann stayed and continued the research. Hahn was her secret supporter gave her a diamond ring he had inherited from his mother, to be used to bribe the frontier guards if required. In late 1938 Hahn and Strassmann found isotopes of an alkaline earth metal in the by-products produced from a nuclear reactions. The metal was found to be organic barium salt. Finding an alkaline earth metal in the results did not fit with the other elements found but was a major step in their research. Hahn though that the by-product could be radium radium, produced from tw o alpha-particles coming away from the uranium nucleus. At the time, Hahn thought it had to be radium because even two alpha particles coming away from the nucleus from this process was considered very unlikely. So the idea of uranium losing ~100 neutrons and turning into barium was seen as impossible. During a trip to Copenhagen, Hahn mentioned these results to well known scientists Niels Bohr and Lise Meitner. Using his colleagues advice he refined the experiment which lead him to the results he was looking for. On December 1938 his experiment a radium-barium-mesothorium-fractionation as Otto called it was performed and produced three isotopes that were observed as barium instead of the expected radium. This gave Otto the evidence he needed. In 1938 Hahn mailed Meitner a report of his findings. She developed an explanation to the results and together they named it nuclear fission. Lise Meitner and her nephew, a physicist Otto Robert Frisch, came to the same conclusion and worked o ut the basic calculations of nuclear fission, which was officially coined by Frisch, and became globally known. Over the following months, two articles were published that explained and had experimental proof on the nuclear fission written by Frisch and Meitner. In their second publication they talked about uranium fission which they called Uranspaltung. This article predicted the freeing of additional neutrons during the fission process, which Frà ©dà ©ric Joliot and his team proved to be chain reaction. During the war and around 1945, Otto Hahn together with his assistants had a list of 25 elements and about 100 isotopes whose existence he had demonstrated through his experiments. The disastrous implications of this discovery were realized by scientists before the outbreak of World War II, and a group was formed in Germany to study possible military developments. Much to Hahn’s relief, he was allowed to continue with his own researches free of military interference.At the end of World War II in 1945 Hahn was suspected of working on the German nuclear energy project to develop an atomic bomb, but his only connection was the discovery of fission; he did not work on the program. In April 1945, Hahn and nine leading German physicists were taken into custody by the Alsos Mission and taken to Cambridge, England, from 3 July 1945 to 3 January 1946. While they were there, the German scientists learned of the dropping of the American atom bombs on Japan. Hahn took this very bad, as he felt that because he had discovered nuclear fission he shared responsibility for the death and suffering of tens of thousands of innocent Japanese people. Early in January 1946, the group was allowed to return to Germany. While he was in England he was told that they awarded him the Nobel Prize for 1944. The Nobel of 1944 was for chemistry, Otto’s discovery of the fission of heavy atomic nuclei. From 1948 to 1960 Otto Hahn was the founding President of the newly formed Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, which through his tireless activity and his worldwide respected personality succeeded in being renown in the the scientific community. Although now aged and retired, he was still a vigorous man; a lifelong mountaineer, he maintained physical fitness during the enforced stay in England by a daily run. On his return to Germany he was elected president of the former Kaiser Wilhelm Society and became a respected public figure, a spokesman for science, and a friend of Theodor Heuss, the first president of the Federal Republic of Germany. Otto campaigned against further development and testing of nuclear weapons. In January 1958, Otto Hahn, together with his friend Albert Schweitzer signed the Pauling Appeal to the United Nations in New York for the immediate conclusion of an international agreement to stop the testing of nuclear weapons, and in October, he signed t he international Agreement to call a meeting to draw up a world constitution on the issue of nuclear weapons. He never tired of warning urgently of the dangers of the nuclear arms race between the great powers and of the radioactive contamination that would lead to the destruction of the planet. Honours came to him from all sides; in 1966 he, Meitner, and Strassmann shared the prestigious Enrico Fermi Award. As well as Hahn was also repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by a number of international organizations but never got a second one. This period of his life was saddened, when, their only child, Hanno, born in 1922, which became a distinguished art historian and architectural researcher, who was also known for his discoveries in the early Cistercian architecture of the 12th century. In August 1960, while on a study trip in France, Dr Hanno Hahn was involved in a fatal car accident, together with his wife and assistant Ilse Hahn, leaving a 14 year old son. The loss of h is only son devastated him and his wife never recovered from the shock. Hahn died in 1968, after a fall; his wife outlived him by only two weeks. Hahns death did not stop his popularity, proposals were made at many different times, that the newly synthesized element no. 105 should be named hahnium in Hahns honor. But, sadly it did not go through and was named hassium after it’s finders. Also In 1964 the only European nuclear-powered civilian ship, the freighter NS Otto Hahn, was named in his honor. Many cities and districts in the German-speaking countries have secondary schools, streets, squares and bridges throughout Europe bearing Otto’s name. More than twenty states worldwide have honored Otto Hahn by issuing coins, medals or stamps with his portrait. References: Wikipedia.org ,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn ( 16 Oct 2014) Otto Hahn Biographical. Nobelprize.org. 16 Oct 2014. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/hahn-bio.html> â€Å"Chemistry in history† ChemHeritage.org http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/atomic-and-nuclear-structure/hahn-meitner-strassman.aspx (16 Oct 2014)

Mindful Destruction of Order in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Shakespe

A delicate balance of chaos and order exists in our lives; the balance maintains itself by the very acts of human nature. In the drama Othello, the battle between good and evil creates the basic root of human nature as a whole. While at first, order exists in the lives of the Othello and Iago, through dramatic events and manipulation, the balance becomes unstable and starts to shift into chaos. Once the chaos has started, it continues a chain that continues along until the very end where the balance finally restores itself as it would in human nature. Through the inter and intra personal dialogue between Othello and Iago, a certain image of the character becomes developed because of the continued additions and changes to the character’s situation. Seen as the stronger of the two, Othello holds less intelligence in common matters. Iago’s character shapes out to as more of cunning and strong-headed. Shakespeare uses the characters to effectively reaffirm the basic traits of human nature and show how the traits coincide with the theory of order and chaos. Thorough the use of extensive characterization in this drama, along with artful diction, the development of Othello and Iago, represents a view of humans and their lives along with the all too classic good and evil. Iago represents evil at the most simplistic level. Of the many traits Iago has ascertained many represent the hatred and jealousy that he has for the people he manipulates, â€Å"But for my sport and profit. I hate the Moor...[he] is of a free and open nature. That thinks men honest that but seem to be so. And will as tenderly be led by th’ nose. As asses are,† (1.3. 377-393). Iago knows that Othello has a trusting nature with most men who appear honest, he knows he has th... ...hat exactly happens between the point of believing and realizing the truth. From the play, one grasps an understanding of the crucial need to think and look at the facts in life before acting on an impulse. It also shows that chaos will always exist no matter what, but if we do not understand it, we cannot make embrace it. Through Othello’s lesson, we learn that the truth can always remained covered up and not represented entirely, and therefore it becomes our own responsibility to take the lead and grasp the understanding of things. Works Cited Arp, Thomas. "William Shakespeare's Othello the Moor of Venice" Instructor's Manual to accompany Perrine's literature. 7th edtion. San Antonio : HB, 1998. Print. Carlson, Marvin. â€Å"Othello in Vienna†, Othello. Signet Classics. New York, 1998. Pages (214-215) Shakespeare, William, Othello. Signet Classics. New York, 1998

Censoring Huckleberry Finn :: Essays Papers

Censoring Huckleberry Finn Fellow staff, teachers and students, as we all know high school is a time to grow, find yourself and experience different personalities of different people. It is also meant to help you get ready for a world where dealing with different people and situations comes quickly. If you condone certain parts of this real world then you will not be prepared to face the problems and dilemmas of life. Censoring Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a prime example of shutting out the real world. It should be used as a way to portray life in the south during the Civil Rights Movement. To show how wrong we used to live our lives and how much better our lives are today. Huckleberry Finn is a story about a runaway slave trying to live free in the south. The controversy about the book deals with the common use of the word â€Å"nigger† and the character Jim as a stereotypical runaway slave. People believe that it is a perfect example of racism in literature and should not be allowed to be read. Unfortunately, society today is trying to ignore our past and harsh times. In Hannibal, Missouri, where Mark Twain wrote this novel they celebrate Tom Sawyer Days. This is when the whole town celebrates the works of Mark Twain. The sad thing is, Huckleberry Finn is not given its greatest gratitude even in its hometown. They try too ignore it, as if the city â€Å"is upholding a long American tradition of making slavery and its legacy and blacks themselves invisible† (Zwick 2). As they say, History repeats itself and if we are not prepared for it then how can we make things better? Reading Huckleberry Finn today would be just like reading history books. History books teach about slavery and the Civil Rights Movements and we are not pulling them off our high school curriculum. â€Å"Mark Twain told America, ‘This is how you are, like it or not†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Zwick 2). Many people do not want to face the reality that things said in Huckleberry Finn really or actually happened.

Television and Media - Link between TV Violence and the Violence of Chi

The Link between TV Violence and the Violence of Children      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children watch a lot of television.   TV has even become a babysitter.   There is more violence portrayed on television than in earlier years.   Crime has increased steadily over the years as well.   Many children have been involved in violent crimes in recent years, and there is a link between violence on television and the increase in crime.    As early as 1960, Leonard Eron and L. Rowell Huesmann, researchers in Columbia County,   New York, discovered a connection between violence on TV and how aggressively children behaved. Children seeing violence on TV, beginning as young as eight years old, exhibited more aggressive behavior.   As they grew older, still watching violence on TV, the aggressive behavior continued. There seemed to be a cumulative effect in the children's behavior.   Being aggressive as a child is a good indicator as to the type of behavior that will be exhibited as an adult.   Several studies followed participants over three decades and revealed that those people, who showed the most aggressive behavior at age eight, had continued to be aggressive and had the most arrests for violent crimes (Mortimer, 1-4).    At the Indiana University Center for Adolescent Studies, researchers asked kids what causes fights. The kids said gossip and bullying.   The survey showed that those kids who exhibited the highest bullying behavior also watched violence on TV, fought, misbehaved at home as well as in the community, and were disciplined forcefully by their parents.   The bullies had fewer adult role models and less contact with adults. Also, not possessing the social skills for coping with co... ...ne. proquest.umi.com. 3 Oct. 2000. Levin, Diane E., and Nancy Carlsson-Paige. "Disempowering the 'Power Rangers'." Education Digest 61.9 (1996): 1-5. Online. ehostvgw1.epnet.com. 3 Oct. 2000. Mortimer, Jeffrey. "How TV Violence Hits Kids." Education Digest 60.2 (1994): 1-4. Online. ehostvgw1.epnet.com. 3 Oct. 2000. Richey, Warren. "Group Enlists Parents to Fight TV Violence." Christian Science Monitor 88.245 (1996): 1-2. Online. ehostvgw1.epnet.com. 3 Oct. 2000. Institute on Media and Family in Minneapolis", which can be accessed on the Internet at www.mediaandthefamily.org "TV Violence and Kids." Education Digest 62.1 (1996): 1-4. Online. ehostvgw1.epnet.com. 3 Oct. 2000. Zuckerman, Mortimer B. "The Victims of TV Violence." U.S. News & World Report 115.5 (1993): 1-2. Online. ehostvgw1.epnet.com. 3 Oct. 2000.               

Food Intake Essay

The Encyclopedia of Women’s Health (2004) defines nutrition as the sum of processes involved with the consumption of food. The human body depends on nutrients from carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, and fiber to function. Nutrition, exercise, and an appropriate diet work cohesively to maintain that the body is working productively and at full capacity. This week’s assignment required the recording of daily food intakes for a span of three days. Data from each meal was inputted into the IProfile food journal program, and reports were evaluated to determine how nutrition, diet, and physical activity are dependent on each other and impact health. The daily food journal allowed detailed imputation of realistic consumption products and studied information centered on individual particulars of weight, age, and physical actions. Daily Intake A three-day span of meal entries was inputted to the iProfile journal. Meals were chronicled around breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. Protein, carbohydrates, and lipids were included in my daily meals. Within the span of three days, I indulged in both healthy and unhealthy meal choices based on convenience and strategic meal scheduling. Proteins were an essential portion of my meals, which consisted of baked chicken, honey baked ham, hot dog, grilled chicken, eggs, and baked fish. Carbohydrates are indispensable for nutrition as the digestive system converts carbohydrates into glucose and into energy needed by the cells, tissues, and organs. Lack of carbohydrates will result in feelings of fatigue and weakness (Medline Plus, 2012). I consumed a large amount of carbohydrates within the time constraints. My carbohydrate count was to stay within 248-358 of which my intake was 299 g (University of Phoenix, 2012). Carbohydrates can be found in fruits, vegetables, breads, grains, milk, and products that contain sugar. Some foods high in carbohydrate content are toast, jasmine rice, stuffing, lemon, cake, avocado, bread pudding, and corn. Lipids, also referred to as triglyceride, are a kind of fat that can be found in both plant and animal products. The body needs lipids to generate energy, but a surplus in lipid intake contributes to the development of heart disease (Nall, 2011). The honey baked ham and chicken that my family enjoyed did have a fatty film of saturated fat. I also tend to cook with milk and butter that is another saturated fat. On top of my bread pudding on Saturday was a tablespoon scoop of vanilla ice cream. Personal Intake After reviewing foods that provide the body with protein, carbohydrates, and lipids, it was imperative to review my own personal intakes. My personal intake for the duration of the study was 2011kcal with my recommended DRI at 2204 kcal. Most of my daily intakes were within the recommended range, but there are areas within my diet that I need to adjust. Protein My protein DRI was to stay within 55-193g of which I consumed 72 g still within the recommend range for my individual parameters. Proteins are essential for growth, tissue repair, and enzyme protection (Cespedes, 2012). This project was eye-opening as I realized the need to manage and balance what I eat with my physical activity to offset my consumption intakes. Complete Protein It is noteworthy that majority of the meals I consumed centered on complete proteins. Some meals had both complete protein and incomplete protein such as rice and corn. A complete protein source affords all necessary amino acids and is referred to as high quality proteins including meat, poultry, fish, milk, eggs, and cheese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). I was pleasantly surprised to discover my meal portions consist of complete proteins containing vital amino acids. Fiber From the data collected over the three days, my total fiber does not meet the suggested DRI. The preferred DRI of fiber for a person of my characteristics and lifestyle was 25 g, whereas my fiber total was 14 g. I do agree that the intake was correct, and while my intention is to eat more fiber based products, I tend to limit myself as my husband’s diet is fiber limited as he has Crohn’s Disease. The iProfile site highlights that my current diet does not meet the minimum servings of foods from each fiber group. While I had thought that I was consuming a substantial amount of vegetables and fruits both areas are below standard intake. The food products that afforded me the most fiber was cornmeal stuffing, rice, strawberry, bread, and lemons. The products that offer the least fiber benefit were ham, ice cream, and processed macaroni and cheese. Reading over the reports I noticed that my meal trends tend to center on main proteins. I need to remember to efficiently balance more vegetables and fruits such as peas, carrots, bananas, and raspberries. Fiber is vital as the body needs fiber to digest. Fiber also reduces the development of colorectal and gastrointestinal cancer (Zelman, 2012). Staying within the macronutrient intake range is important as deficiency in any nutrient can impact energy level, growth, and ability to function. Eating too much protein can lead to osteoporosis, whereas if deficiency in saturated fat can lead to coronary artery disease (Cespedes, 2012). While I did stay within the recommended range, I do see areas of improvement particularly eating more lean meats lowering my saturated fats and incorporating more fruits into my diet as it was fairly existent. The project did not provide the results I was expecting. I found that the process allowed for me to really understand how important nutrition, diet, and exercise are for my health. I need to consume more food products that contain calcium, potassium, vitamins D, A, E, and K. I also need to look at portions and type of products I am cooking limiting the sodium intake as I was excessively over my DRI. Including more fiber-based fruits and vegetables can help ensure that my body is digesting the nutrients my body needs to function adequately. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/protein.html Cespedes, A. (2012). Livestrong. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/553038-what-happens-if-my-macronutrient-int

Inustrial/organizational psychology worksheet Essay

1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. The area of Industrial and organizational psychology was created in the eighteen-hundreds out of experimental psychology (Spector, 2012). The creators of Industrial and organizational psychology were Walter-Dill Scott, Hugo Munsterberg, and also James Mckeen Cattel. These three creators of Industrial and Organizational psychology brought both the findings as well as the application of mental ethics into the area of businesses. When industrial and organizational psychology first started the aim was to enhance businesses organizational efficiency and productivity, mostly by employing psychology with an importance on specific dissimilarities, throughout ones selection and also their training. Throughout the earlier years of this type of psychology its main emphasis was on the industrial side (Spector, 2012). Within this time frame there was a joining in the area of industrial psychology linking both the field of engineering and the principles of psychology. Most of the people that helped with this area had some sort of background in the industry, some of these individuals also had a history in the law as well (Spector, 2012). The main purpose of industrial psychology would be to understand ones’ behavior in order to improve the selection of new employees and their training. The main purpose of organizational psychology would be to better understand ones’ behavior in order to better the satisfaction of employees as well as their well-being within the corporation. 2. Explain why industrial/organizational psychology should be considered a science. Include an explanation of how descriptive and inferential statistics are used in I/O research. Most Industrial and Organizational psychologists do several different positions in a wide variety of situations (Spector, 2012). Those psychologists whom concentrate on industrial and organizational psychology are generally separated between both scientific research and the different areas of practice. Due to Industrial and Organizational psychology being based upon research that is produced by precise information, Industrial and Organizational psychology relies upon scientific research (Spector, 2012). Though there are two different categories of industrial and organizational psychology, those individuals whom concentrate in the field are most likely to complete the jobs that crosses both of the areas. Most of the research is generally completed in either a college or a university type of setting where an Industrial or Organizational psychologists is working as an instructor. I feel as though that Industrial and Organizational psychology could be considered to be a science because research is a main activity that industrial and organizational psychologists perform. One of the main contributions that have been given by researchers to this field of psychology would be the advancement in methods that are used to both select as well as train new employees (Spector, 2012). Their research is also used in order to solve any issues that a company may be going through. 3. Discuss the influence industrial/organization psychology has had on organizations. Provide examples. Industrial and Organizational grew due to the World War l. Whenever America appeared in World War l there were industrial and organizational psychologists that were called on in order to create a plan for recruits, psychological evaluations, and also to be used as a method when it came to selecting people for certain jobs in the military. The duo of psychologists that were working with the military was ran by Robert Yerkes (Spector, 2012). The most well-known success of this group of psychologists would be the creation of both the Army Beta as well as the Army Alpha tests that tested ones mental abilities. Two main things that helped to influence the field of industrial and organizational psychology in America was the Americans with Disabilities Act in the year of 1990 as well as the passage of the Civil Rights Act in the year of 1964 (Spector, 2012). Though these two main events helped the field of industrial and organizational psychology be shaped, research from both fields helped to produce very helpful information that helped industrial and organizational psychologists to improve their workplace.

The Geography of the Cold War: What Was Containment? Essay

It was a glorious meeting. On April 25, 1945, at the Elbe River in Germany, two powerful armies met. Coming from opposite ends of Europe, the Americans and Russians had cut Hitler’s Germany in two. Now at the Elbe, soldiers from the Red Army of the Soviet Union reached out their hands to their American counterparts. It was a time for great happiness. World War II, the deadliest war in all of human history, was nearly over. Unfortunately, the warmth of the handshakes did not last. The Soviet Union and the United States had serious differences. Their greatest difference was over a political and economic system called communism. In its pure form, communism is a belief that private property should be replaced by community ownership. In the Soviet Union this idea was not easily accepted by the people. Russian leaders Vladmir Lenin and Joseph Stalin were ruthless in their elimination of those who had different ideas about Russia’s future. It is estimated that in the 1930s, Stalin was responsible for killing more than 10,000,000 Soviet people who he believe were in his way. Soviet communists did not like capitalism. They opposed private ownership economies of the United States and its allies. Russian leaders believed that capitalism was doomed and that communism would spread throughout the world. This caused great tension and the emergence of a new kind of war, a Cold War. Mistrust ran deep. In the words of Winston Churchill, it was as if an â€Å"iron curtain† had been drawn between the Soviet-controlled countries in Eastern Europe and the Western democracies. The Soviets had suffered terribly in World War II, losing more than 27,000,000 soldiers and civilians. Stalin was determined that Germany would never be able to strike Russia again. To protect Russia, Stalin wanted a buffer zone in Eastern Europe. It was no secret that Stalin and his successors wanted to expand the Soviet Empire.

Experiment on polytropic process Essay

Polytropic Expansion of Air Object The object of this experiment is to find the relation between pressure and volume for the expansion of air in a pressure vessel – this expansion is a thermodynamic process. Introduction The expansion or compression of a gas can be described by the polytropic relation , where p is pressure, v is specific volume, c is a constant and the exponent n depends on the thermodynamic process. In our experiment compressed air in a steel pressure vessel is discharged to the atmosphere while the air remaining inside expands. Temperature and pressure measurements of the air inside the vessel are recorded. These two measurements are used to produce the polytropic exponent n for the expansion process. Historical background Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) [1] in his 1824 â€Å"Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat and on Machines Fitted to Develop This Power,† examines a reciprocating, piston-in-cylinder engine. Carnot describes a cycle applied to the machine appearing in Figure 5.1, which contains his original sketch. In this figure air is contained in the chamber formed by the piston cd in the cylinder. Two heat reservoirs A and B, with temperature greater than temperature , are available to make contact with cylinder head ab. The reservoirs A and B maintain their respective temperatures during heat transfer to or from the cylinder head. Carnot gives the following six steps for his machine: 1.The piston is initially at cd when high-temperature reservoir A is brought into contact with the cylinder head ab. 2.There is isothermal expansion to ef 3.Reservoir A is removed and the piston continues to gh and so cools to . 4.Reservoir B makes contact causing isothermal compression from gh to cd. 5.Reservoir B is removed but continual compression from cd to ik causes the temperature to rise to . 6.Reservoir A makes contact, isothermally expanding the air to cd and thus completing the cycle. A decade later Clapeyron [2] analyzed Carnot’s cycle by introducing a pressure-volume, p-v diagram. Clapeyron’s diagram is reproduced next to Carnot’s engine in Figure 5.1. Claperon labels his axes y and x, which correspond to pressure and volume, respectively. We will examine two process paths in this diagram: the isothermal compression path F-K and the isothermal expansion path C-E. Since both of these processes are isothermal, pv = RT = constant. This is a special case of the polytropic process , where, for the isothermal process, n = 1, so we have the same result, pv = c. Figure 5.1 Left sketch: Carnot’s engine, after Carnot [1]. Right sketch: Clapeyron’s pressure-volume, p-v diagram, after Clapeyron [2]. For the axes in Clapeyron’s diagram x = v and y = p. The Experiments Photographs of the equipment appear in Figures 5.2 and 5.3, and a sketch of the components appears in Figure 5.4. steel pressure vessel discharge valves thermocouple conduit pressure transducer Figure 5.2 The polytropic expansion experiment at Cal Poly. thermocouples thermocouple conduit Figure 5.3 Two, Type-T thermocouples are located inside the pressure vessel, at the geometric center. Only one thermocouple is used – the other is a spare. In the photo the thermocouple conduit has been removed and held outside of the vessel. The junctions of these thermocouples are constructed of extremely fine wires (0.0254mm diameter) that provide a fast time response. Figure 5.4 The polytropic expansion experiment equipment. Pressure measurements come from the pressure transducer tapped in to the pressure vessel shown in Figure 5.4. The transducer is powered by the unit labeled â€Å"CD23†, which is a Validyne [3] carrier demodulator. The fine wire thermocouple is described in the Figure 5.3 caption. Both thermocouple and pressure signals feed into an Omega [4] flatbed recorder. The three discharge valves on the right side of the vessel have small, medium, and large orifices. These orifices allow the air inside the vessel expand at three different rates. The pressure vessel is first charged with the compressed air supply. This causes the air that enters the vessel to initially rise in temperature. After a few minutes the temperature reaches equilibrium at which time one of the discharge valves is opened. Temperature and pressure are recorded for each expansion process. These data are then used to compute the polytropic exponent n for each process. It is important to note that the temperature and pressure of the air inside the vessel are measured, not the air discharging from the vessel. Data Pressure and temperature data, for the three runs, are provided in the EXCEL file â€Å"Experiment 5 Data.xls.† Analysis In many cases the process path for a gas expanding or contracting follows the relationship (5.1) The polytropic exponent n can theoretically range from . However, Wark [5] reports that the relation is especially useful when . For the following simple processes the n values are: isobaric process (constant pressure)n = 0 isothermal process (constant temperature)n = 1 isentropic process (constant entropy)n = k ( k=1.4 for air) isochoric process (constant volume)n = ï‚ ¥ In our experiment the steel pressure vessel is initially charged with compressed air of mass . Next, the vessel is discharged and the remaining air mass is . This final mass was part of the initial mass and occupied part of the volume of the vessel at the initial state. Thus expanded within the vessel with a corresponding change in temperature and pressure. Therefore mass can be considered a closed system with a moving system boundary and the following form of the first law of thermodynamics applies (5.2) If the system undergoes an adiabatic expansion , and if the work at the moving system boundary is reversible. Furthermore, if we consider the air to be an ideal gas with constant specific heat. With these considerations the first law reduces to (5.3) Using the ideal gas assumption and differentiating this equation gives (5.4) Substituting Equation 5.4 into 5.3 and using the relationships and gives Separating variables and integrating this equation, , yields (5.5) which is a special case of the polytropic relationship given by Equation 5.1, with n = k. It is important to note that in the development of Equation 5.5 the expansion of inside the pressure vessel was assumed to be reversible and adiabatic, i.e. an isentropic expansion. In our experiment the adiabatic assumption is accurate during initial discharge. However, the reversible assumption is clearly not applicable because the air expands irreversibly from high pressure to low pressure. Therefore we anticipate our data to yield . Two approaches are used to determined the polytropic exponent n from the data: 1. Equation 5.1 can be written as , which is a power law equation. In EXCEL, a plot of p versus v and a power law curve fit using TRENDLINE will disclose n. 2. Equation 5.6 (subsequently developed) may be used with only two states to determine n. Here is the outline of the development of Equation 5.6. We start with , which also can be expressed as and combine this with the ideal gas law to obtain (5.6) The temperatures and pressures in Equation 5.6 are all absolute and the subscripts 1 and 2 represent the initial and final states. Required 1. Pressure and temperature data are provided for all three runs in â€Å"Experiment 5 Data.xls.† Use the ideal gas law, pv = RT, to compute v corresponding to each p. Use SI units: m3/kg for v and Pa for p. 2. Plot p versus v and find n: For each run, on a separate graph, plot p [on the ordinate (vertical) axis] versus v [on the abscissa (horizontal) axis]. Use linear scales. Determine the polytropic exponent n for each run using a TRENDLINE power curve fit. Also find the correlation coefficient for each curve. (Be aware that the TRENDLINE power curve fit will give , where y = p, x = v and a and b are constants.) Plot all three runs on a single graph and find n for the combined data. 3. Derive Equation 5.6. 4. Find n for each run using Equation 5.6, where states 1 and 2 represent the beginning and ending states, respectively. 5. In a single table show all of the n values. 6. Discuss the meaning of your n values, that is, how does your n value compare with n values for other, known processes? Nomenclature c constant, N m specific heat constant pressure, kJ/kg K specific heat constant volume, kJ/kg K k specific heat ratio, dimensionless n polytropic exponent, dimensionless p absolute pressure, Pa or psia Q heat transfer, kJ R gas constant, kJ/kg K (Rair = 0.287 kJ/kg ·K) T temperature,  °C or K U internal energy, kJ v specific volume, m3/kg V volume m3 W work, kJ Subscripts 1,2 thermodynamic states References 1. Carnot, S., â€Å"Rà ©flexions sur la puissance motive du feu et sur les machines propres à   dà ©velopper cette puissance,† Paris, 1824. Reprints in Paris: 1878, 1912, 1953. English translation by R. H. Thurston, â€Å"Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat and on Machines Fitted to Develop This Power,† ASME, New York, 1943. 2. Clapeyron, E., â€Å"Memoir on the Motive Power of Heat,† Journal de l’École Polytechnic, Vol. 14, 1834; translation in E. Mendoza (Ed.) â€Å"Reflections on the motive Power of Fire and Other Papers,† Dover, New York, 1960. 3. Validyne Engineering Sales Corp., 8626 Wilbur Avenue, Northridge, CA. 91324 http://www.validyne.com/ 4. OMEGA Engineering, INC., One Omega Drive, Stamford, Connecticut 06907-0047 http://www.omega.com/ 5. Wark, K. Jr. & D.E. Richards, Thermodynamics, 6th Ed, WCB McGraw-Hill, Boston, 1999.  © 2005 by Ronald S. Mullisen Physical Experiments in Thermodynamics Experiment 5

Endangered languages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Endangered languages - Essay Example There are numerous factors that researchers believe to playing a leading role towards the extinction of some languages. One of such factors is the aspect of parents pushing their children to learn languages that they believe are prestigious and â€Å"superior† to others, thus completely ignoring their local languages. It is a common trend especially in the developing countries whereby many people consider their local languages as inferior, thus get assimilated by hegemonies languages such as English. A significant number of people in the third world countries like Africa, particularly Kenya and Nigeria are straying away from their original traditions and native languages. In such countries, a large number of the young generation has shifted to different languages especially English. Some parents have decided not to teach their mother-tongue languages and instead teach them a second language because of many reasons related to social class and economic factors. The most unfortunate thing is that majority of them think that children can only learn to speak one language well, hence decide to dump their native languages (Dugan 10). They also go ahead and take their children to international schools that use the most dominant foreign languages. Natural and man-made disasters are also key factors that are leading to the extinction of some languages. Such disasters include war, famine, diseases, earthquakes, acts of genocide, and tsunami just to mention a few. For instance, the Rwandan Genocide almost wiped out the Tutsi community while Adolf Hitler’s regime almost eradicated the Jewish community. During the genocide, more than 6 million Jews were killed, which is a very big percentage considering the fact that this is not a large community. Migration outside the original territory is also a major attribute of extinction of languages. Sociolinguists argue that some languages

Frontier Airline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Frontier Airline - Assignment Example Nevertheless, the Airline did not survive the continuous losses it incurred and finally shut towards the end of 1986, and was declared bankrupt (Frontier Airline Annual Report, 2013). In 1994, the Airline was reborn under top management of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) David Siegel and President Barry Biffie. During its first attempt in the market, Frontier Airlines had 60 air planes of which 35 were Boeing 737-200 and the rest were Convair 580. Currently, the Airline operates a fleet of 18 Airbus A320s and 35 Airbus A319s. However, the Airline has a codeshare with Great Lakes Airline that have Embraer EMB -120 Brasilia and Beechcraft 1900 D. Apparently, its first encounter in the market was marked by an inception of 40 destinations that later grew to 69 destinations in two years and before it was shut down it had managed to attain about 170 destinations in the U.S and other parts of the world. After the rebirth, the Airlines has managed to capture over 75 destinations in the U.S., Costa Rica, Mexico, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic (Frontier Airline, 2014). Consequently, Frontier Airlines currently enjoys a service of more than 3,900 professional in aviation who attend to more than 350 daily flights in the Airlines. However, the previous operation period has around 5,100 employees who were mandated to attend to both daily and occasional flights. Since its inception, Frontier Airlines has branded itself as a low cost airline. Nevertheless, early this year the C.E.O David Siegel came up with a strategy ‘ultra-low cost’ where their flight fares were stripped down to an average price of an economic ticket and as a marketing campaign that is meant to retrain the public on how the Airline intends to continuously operate especially after its rebirth. During the unveil, Siegel confirmed that

X-Ray Powder Diffraction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

X-Ray Powder Diffraction - Essay Example (Marta J.K Flour, 1997) Theory A non amorphous material consists of a three dimensional structure having atoms in a series of planes separated by a distance. When X-Rays are directed on to this structure, part of it is transmitted the specimen, some part is absorbed, a part is refracted and the rest diffracted. Diffraction of the beam brings out a fingerprint of the crystal lattice which depends on the arrangement of atoms in different planes and the type of mineral in the lattice. (Ron Jenkins, 2000) Applications 1. Apart from identifying the different minerals present it also gives an accurate data regarding the proportion of each of these minerals in the mixture. 2. It is also used in determining the degree of crystalline phase in a mineral and the divergence from its ideal state. 3. Study of secondary minerals helps in ascertaining the degree of solubility of the mineral and the kind of storage facility this would require. 4. Analysis of the under clays lying under coal beds have helped in identifying the nature of environment and climate that existed in these Middle Pennsylvanian regions. Introduction-2 The discovery of x rays by W.C Roentgen in 1895 led to its use in identifying the structure of crystalline materials. In principle a monochromatic beam of x-ray electrons will be dispersed by the atomic electrons and different diffraction patterns are obtained for each plane of crystal lattice. The diffraction pattern that is obtained by using the x ray powder diffraction method is used to identify the various phases in different materials.( James R Connelly, 2007) Theory X rays generated under vacuum conditions are made to impinge on a sample that has been ground into powder of size less than 10 microns. The arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice causes these electrons to be diffracted by varying degrees. This can therefore be used to ascertain the distances between different planes of atoms by applying Bragg’s law. This ‘fingerprint†™ allows in better identification of a material. ( Mike Meier, 2004) Applications 1. Identification of materials chemical compounds and rocks in single phase and multiphase respectively. 2. Ascertaining amorphous materials that are partly in crystalline state. 3. The amount of different phases calculated using peak-ratio calculations 4. These are used in remote sensing study of hydrothermally distorted rocks that are found on several Cascade volcanoes and its study helps in gathering information regarding landslides and mudflows. Introduction-3 X ray powder diffraction method is a non-destructive procedure used in the identification of phases and determination of crystal structure along with its imperfections. All kinds of microcrystalline structures of metals, ceramics, organics and catalysts can found out using this technique which was initially devised by Debye and Scherrer in 1916. Theory Current applied releases electrons from a filament. These electrons are then accelerated at voltages of 60kV onto a copper piece producing x rays on impingement. These x rays are then directed onto a sample that has been ground to fine powder of size less than 10 microns. The diffraction pattern that is obtained can be used to measure the actual distances between crystalline planes using the equations of Bragg’s Law. ( Stock.S.R & Cullity B.D, 2001) Applications 1. Ascertain crystal structure of an unknown material and phase identification of high and low temperature phases. 2. Degree of crystalline phase that is present in a material. A crystalline phase presents narrower diffraction peaks compared to amorphous phases. 3. The amount of residual stress that exists in a material after the external load has been removed. 4.