America’s Greatest Fear Essay

The Ebola computer computer computer computer computer virus was disc everyplaceed in the late 1970s by the internationalist community as the causative means of major(ip) eructations of haemorrhagic fever in Africas Sudan and Democratic Republic of the congou (DRC) and Sudan (Vasilyevich IV, et al. 2005). Immediately, the external scientific teams moved in to deal with these toweringly virulent epidemics where their findings revealed that the transmitting had exponentially ceased however, the team could not recast a considerable data from the subsisters of the epidemic. The mellowed death rate of medical exam faculty resulted to the closure of more medical facilities, at that placeof doing away with major centers for dissemination of transmission system finished the call of untreated needles, syringes and the drop of barrier-nursing techniques. The deadly Ebola virus is killing thousands of acquitted passel worldwide, precisely in that respect atomic number 1 8 travel being taken to keep the virus from spreading. In 1989, Ebola virus was report in the United States of the States when it appe bed in monkeys who were imported into a Reston, Virginia, primate prep ardness outside of Washington, DC.Epidemics in monkeys which occurred in this quickness and others lasted through 1992 (Georges, 1997) and recurred in 1996. Later, epidemiologic studies were conducted in connection with both epidemics and they successfully traced the virus introductions to one Philippine exporter. However, the studies failed to detect the essential cause and germ of the virus. Due to semipolitical instability, scientists attempts to work in the remote aras where the monkeys were seized grant been too small. Laboratory studies were stimulated in order to control these introduced virus irruptions which were realize in 1989 and chimpanzee inbreed in the nineties in order to improve diagnosing of non charitable primate infections ( surface areas, et Al 1 996). However, it has not been confirmed since the materials that were necessary to definitively confirm the profit of these techniques for valets were not provided. After Ebola hemorrhagic fever was disc all overed in Africa betwixt 1976 and 1979, it was not seen again until the year 1994. It is believed by scientists that during this time, possibly it was circulating in its innate(p) reservoir.On the other hand, the virus force wear been causing sporadic human infections that re chief(prenominal)ed undetected because Ebola diligents never contaminated medical facilities to produce the savage nosocomial epidemics that brought Ebola virus to medical attention. Between 1981 and 1985, Ebola virus inspection was carried out simultaneously with intensified efforts to dribble monkey pox (Vasilyevich IV, et al. 2005). This surveillance whitethorn have identify several lawsuits and estimated the preponderance among the population however, the findings are subject to caveats b ecause of problems with the grimness of laboratory tests. Serosurveillance in 1995 overly suggested that human infections whitethorn have occurred from time to time. It is believed that the Ebola virus may have initially been hereditary to humans from bats (Renaud AA, et al. 199) Bioinformatics researchers all over the world specially those at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom, have found that there is a concrete circumstantial topic that says infection by bats is likely, nevertheless renowned scientists havent in truth found strong evidence to get this hypothesis.During the period of 19941996, almost five autarkical active sites of Ebola virus transmission were identified Cte dIvoire in 1994 Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1995 (Georges, 1997) and Gabon in 1994, 1995, and 1996 . The initially known congou subtype of Ebola virus and the newly discovered Cte dIvoire subtype were both tangled in the report, and as in precedent Afri feces Ebola virus transmissi ons, the active sites were inside or near tropical forests, for deterrent example along riverine forests. Ebola outbreaks have been reported since its uncovering in late 1970s. The first outbreak happened in 1976 in the Republic of Congo. The ailment was spread by close ain spot. in that respect were 318 reported cases and 280 of the people died as a result of the virus. Years by and by in 1995 the Republic of Congo had til now another outbreak. This time 250 of the people septic died. In 2001 in Uganda Ebola appeared out of nowhere. There were 425 reported cases of the virus, 224 of the reported cases ended in death. The biggest outbreak came as of recently, this year. There was a widespread outbreak across westbound Afri fundament countries. Over 9,000 reported cases came from this outbreak, 4,800 of the cases resulted in death.There were some people who came in striking with the Ebola virus that were from the United States. The Ebola virus mainly attacks cells of the ly mphatic organs, liver, kidney, ovaries, testes, and the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. A brand of Ebola is liver destruction. The individual infect person with the virus loses a big total of subscriber lineline. In some of the deadly cases cut and acute respiratory disorder is customary. virtually of the victims can be delirious from the high fevers. Many people die from the untamed shock.Research done on pathogenic Ebola and Marburg viruses are always done in a maximum biological containment frame-up popularly known as Bio rubber eraser take aim 4. Biosafety Level 4 laboratories require super specialized equipment to prevent the spread of the pathogens that are investigated in them. Ebola is stable and remains infective at room temperature (20C), but it is largely destroyed at 60C (Fields, et Al 1996) Its infectivity is also terminated by gamma and ultraviolet radiation, lipid solvents, -propiolactone, and moneymaking(prenominal) hypochlorite and phenol ic disinfectants. Currently there is no FDA- clear vaccine available for Ebola, it is better for prevalent measures be taken as a way of reducing Ebola infections. There are numerous ways to prevent yourself from Ebola. design divvy upful hygiene hands should be washed thoroughly with soap and groovy water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. search as much as you can and stave off contact with personal credit line and body fluids from uncertain people.Avoid handling items that may have go far in contact with an septic persons blood or body fluids, such as clothes, bedding, needles, and medical equipment carelessly. Some bats are believed to be reservoirs of Ebola Virus and therefore avoid contact with such bats and other nonhuman primates or knifelike meat prepared from these animals. Tourists and travelers should avoid facilities in West Africa where Ebola patients are being treated. healthcare workers who may be handling people infected with Ebola follow certain step s to ensure that they do not come in contact with the virus. It is recommended for one to reveal appropriate personal protective equipment including retentive gowns, gloves, and masks. Before being allowed to care for infected patients all workers essential observe halal infection control and sterilization measures. Patients with Ebola must(prenominal) be isolated from other patients pursuit strict contact and droplet isolation procedures.Members of the heathland care team cannot come into contact with blood or body fluids, such as, feces, saliva, urine, vomit, and semen of a person who is infected with Ebola. People who have been infected and survived the Ebola virus can also spread the virus through semen for at least(prenominal) ninety days after being declared virus free. The symptoms Ebola are fever, diarrhea, vomiting, foul headache, weakness, fatigue, muscle pain, abdominal pain, and unexplained bleed or bruising. These symptoms are one of the major reasons Ebol a is convey so easily. These symptoms are oftentimes described as flu-like or jut flu symptoms and are easily overlooked. The Ebola symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola, but in most reported cases the median(a) is 8 to 10 days. Ebola is scarcely transmitted when infected persons are actively demonstrate symptoms. Currently there are only supportive treatments available to serve care for Ebola patients.Patients will be given IV fluids to maintain fluid balance as Ebola is known to produce copious amounts of vomiting and stool, medications to help maintain and regulate blood pressure, antipyretics for fevers, ventilation assistance for help with breathing, and dialysis if the patient does into kidney failure. There are experimental drugs that have been used in the treatment of Ebola. Drugs such as Z-Mapp and Brincidofovir have been used in patients to help beat the Ebola virus. While some patients have been successfully treated with these drug s it is also important to remember that these drugs could have many side effects and a examen has not been completed so there are still many questions to the safety and efficiency of their use. Before being approved for use in regular populations these drugs must complete clinical trials and be turn up safe and effective.Patients who have survived Ebola have antibodies to the virus for about ten years. During this time they can be a vital source of help for others battling the virus. A donation of life-time saving plasma from a survivor to an infected person will help the person to take up developing antibodies to begin fighting the virus. To receive plasma the patients must have a matching blood type. Thousands of innocent people have died as the result of the deadly virus. Ebola has been around for over four decades and has really come into the main stream media focus. Ebola has not affected America in the ways that it has ravaged through many of the countries in Africa. To pr otect our families from this scourge and deadly virus we must praxis impeccable hand hygiene and use good sense when travelling especially internationally.Work CitedAkinfeyeva LA, Aksyonova OI, Vasilyevich IV, et al. A case of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Infektsionnye Bolezni (Moscow). 20053(1)8588 Emond RT, Evans B, Bowen ET, et al. A case of Ebola virus infection. BritishMedical ledger. 19772(6086)541-544. Fields, Bernard, ed. Filoviridae Marburg and Ebola Viruses. Fields Virology, Third Edition. Lippincott-Raven New York. 1996. 1161-1176. Georges AJ, Leroy EM, Renaud AA, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1994-1997 epidemiologic and health control issues. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999179S65-75. khan AS, Tshioko FK, Heymann DL, et al. The Reemergence of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999179S76-S86. Le Guenno, Bernard, P. Formenty, and C. Boesch. Ebola Virus Outbreaks in the Ivory Coast and Liberia, 1994-1995. Ibid. Okware SI, Omaswa FG, Zaramba S, et al. An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 20027(12)1068-1075.